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研究考查了大学生对一般生活事件和意外事故的乐观与悲观偏差,并检验不同测量方法是否会产生不同结果。通过对273名大学生进行问卷研究,结果发现:(1)在直接和间接测量时,被试对一般消极事件、意外事故存在乐观偏差,对幸免于意外事故存在悲观偏差;但对一般积极事件,被试在直接测量时出现乐观偏差,在间接测量时为悲观偏差。(2)在两种方法中,被试对意外事故的乐观偏差皆高于一般消极事件,但一般积极事件与幸免于意外事故的结果在直接测量时有显著差异,而在间接测量中差异不显著。(3)在直接测量时,消极事件的发生频率越低乐观偏差越严重,积极事件的发生频率越低则悲观偏差越严重;在间接测量中事件频率与偏差结果相关不显著。
The study examines college students’ optimism and pessimism about common life events and accidents and examines whether different measurement methods produce different results. Through a questionnaire survey on 273 undergraduates, the results were as follows: (1) In the direct and indirect measurement, subjects had optimistic bias on general negative events and accidents and pessimistic deviation on surviving accidents; However, for the common positive events, Subjects in the direct measurement of optimism bias, indirect measurement of pessimistic bias. (2) In both methods, the optimistic bias of the subjects in accidents is higher than that of the general negative events, but the results of the general positive events and the survivals in the case of accidents are significantly different in the direct measurement, while the differences in the indirect measurement are not Significant. (3) In the direct measurement, the negative frequency of negative events is more serious, while the negative frequency of negative events is more serious. The lower the frequency of positive events is, the worse the pessimistic deviation is. In indirect measurement, the frequency of events is not significantly correlated with the deviation.