一、导 言 自1840年李比西创立了植物矿质营养学说以来,在有关土壤肥力的工作中,人们多侧重于土壤营养物质的储量及其有效性的研究。在随后的工作里,虽增添了土壤物理和土壤生物化学的研究内容,但指导思想仍是着重土壤肥力的不同侧面。因此,土壤肥力的研究,多数是在探讨决定土壤肥力水平的限制因子及其生成原因和消除方法。在生产实践中,这种研究途径确曾收到了一定的效果,但也存在着一些问题。譬如说,在土壤普查和作物营养诊断中,经常会遇到这样的情况:有时,两个地块的某些单项肥力指标,如有机质含量、或氮、磷、含量等数值相近,而土壤的肥力水平却相差很大;有时,两个地块的所述肥力指标的数值相差甚远,而它们的肥力水平却又几近相同。这说明,各别的单项肥力指标不足以全面地表征土壤的肥力水平,更不足以据此拟定有效的调节和提高肥力的综合措施。 I. INTRODUCTION Since the establishment of the plant mineral nutrition theory in 1840 by Libby, in the work on soil fertility, people mostly focused on the research on the reserves of soil nutrients and their effectiveness. In the ensuing work, although the content of soil physics and soil biochemistry has been added, the guiding ideology still focuses on different aspects of soil fertility. Therefore, most of the research on soil fertility is to explore the limiting factors that determine the level of soil fertility and the reasons for its formation and elimination. In production practice, this approach did have received some results, but there are also some problems. For example, in soil census and crop nutrition diagnosis, it is often the case that some of the individual fertility indices of two plots, such as organic matter content or nitrogen, phosphorus, Fertility levels vary widely; sometimes, the fertility indices of the two plots vary widely in value, but their fertility levels are nearly the same. This shows that the individual indicators of individual fertility are not sufficient to fully characterize soil fertility levels, but not enough to formulate effective measures to adjust and improve fertility accordingly.