目的　探讨HLA DQB1 HLA DRB1单倍型在中国南方汉族肺结核发病机制中的可能作用。方法　采用病例 对照的研究方法 ,应用PCR SSP技术对 110例中国南方汉族肺结核患者和 10 1例中国南方汉族健康对照者的 2 0个HLA DRB1和 8个HLA DQB1等位基因进行分型 ,比较两组间DQ2 ,3(8) DRB1、DQ3(7) DRB1、DQ3(8,9) DRB1、DQ2 ,3(7,9) DRB1、DQ2 DRB1、DQ4 DRB1、DQ5 DRB1和DQ6 DRB1单倍型频率 (HF)并计算其相对危险性 (RR)。结果　DQ2 ,3(8) DR14 .1、DQ3(7) DR16单倍型的频率肺结核病例组显著高于对照组 (6 .10vs .0 .5 0、4 .18vs .0 .99) ,其RR分别为 13.4 0和 4 .4 1;DQ2 DR1、DQ2 DR12、DQ2 DR13.3、DQ3(7) DR1、DQ3(7) DR13.3、DQ3(8,9) DR13.3、DQ2 ,3(7,9) DR1、DQ2 ,3(7,9) DR13.3、DQ2 ,3(7,9) DR13.4、DQ4 DR4单倍型的频率肺结核病例组显著低于对照组 (分别为 1.84vs .5 .6 0、1.37vs .5 .6 0、4 .18vs .11.0 0、2 .30vs .9.89、12 .6 2vs .2 2 .2 8、5 .6 1vs .11.5 6、3.70vs .14 .4 0、16 .88vs .2 8.94、5 .13vs .12 .12、2 .30vs .6 .13) ,其RR分别为 0 .31、0 .2 3、0 .34、0 .2 1、0 .4 7、0 .4 4、0 .4 6、0 .38和 0 .35。结论　DQ2 ,3(8) DR14 .1、DQ2 DR12、DQ2 ,3(7,9 Objective To investigate the possible role of HLA DQB1 HLA DRB1 haplotype in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis in southern Chinese Han population. Methods A case-control study was carried out. Twenty cases of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles were genotyped from 110 Chinese Han patients with tuberculosis in southern China and 101 healthy Han controls in southern China by PCR SSP. Group DQ2, 3 (8) DRB1, DQ3 (7) DRB1, DQ3 (8,9) DRB1, DQ2, 3 (7,9) DRB1, DQ2 DRB1, DQ4 DRB1, DQ5 DRB1 and DQ6 DRB1 haplotype frequencies ( HF) and calculate their relative risk (RR). Results The frequencies of DQ2, 3 (8) DR14. 1, DQ3 (7) DR16 haplotypes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were significantly higher than those in controls (6.10 vs .0.044.18 vs. 0.99) Respectively 13.4 0 and 4 .4 1; DQ2 DR1, DQ2 DR12, DQ2 DR13.3, DQ3 (7) DR1, DQ3 (7) DR13.3, DQ3 (8,9) DR13.3, DQ2, 3 9) The frequencies of haplotype frequencies of DR1, DQ2, 3 (7,9) DR13.3, DQ2, 3 (7,9) DR13.4, and DQ4 DR4 were significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (1.84 vs. 5 .6 0,1.37 vs .5 .6 0,4 .18 vs. 11.0 0,2 .30 vs. 9.89,12 .6 2vs .2 2 .2 8,5. 6 1vs .11.5 6,3.70 vs. .14. 4 0,16 .88 vs .2 8.94,5 .13 vs .12 .12,2 .30 vs .6 .13) with RRs of 0.31, 0.22, 0.34, 0.22, .4 7,0 .4 4,0 .4 6,0 .38 and 0 .35. Conclusions DQ2, 3 (8) DR14 .1, DQ2 DR12, DQ2, 3 (7,9