摩擦是物理教学中的难点之一.除了摩擦问题本身较复杂,甚至还有许多问题科学界尚无定论外,在摩擦的教学中还存在一个重大难题:学生的经验积累与课本摩擦理论不相符.这是因为学生对摩擦的经验积累主要来自于最常见的鞋子和车轮,而鞋底和轮胎是橡胶,属于弹性体;课本的摩擦理论主要针对木头、金属等固体,所以很有必要对弹性体的摩擦进行研究.下面将对橡胶的摩擦机理及几个常见的轮胎摩擦现象进行初步的探究.一、橡胶的摩擦机理与其他大多数固体的摩擦相比,橡胶的摩擦特性非常特殊,是无法用粘附说或啮合说解释的.因为橡胶是低弹性模量的粘弹体,在很宽的频域范围内均具有很高的内摩擦,这使得真实的接触面积与接触压力之间显非线性关系,并且通常条件下摩擦阻力主要起 Friction is one of the difficulties in physics teaching.In addition to the problem of friction itself is complicated and there are even many problems that the scientific community has yet to conclude, there is still a major problem in the teaching of friction: the accumulated experience of students does not accord with the theory of textbook friction This is because the students’ experience of friction mainly comes from the most common shoes and wheels, while the soles and tires are rubber, which belongs to the elastomer. The textbook friction theory is mainly aimed at solid materials such as wood and metal. Therefore, Of the friction will be studied below the friction mechanism of rubber and several common tire friction preliminary research.First, the friction mechanism of rubber Compared with most other solid friction, the friction characteristics of rubber is very special, it is impossible Explained by adhesion or intermeshing, since rubber is a low modulus elastic body that has a high internal friction over a wide frequency range, which makes the true contact area to contact pressure significantly Non-linear relationship, and the friction resistance under normal conditions mainly from