一引言世界各民族的语言具有共性,这是一个基本事实。人类所有的语言都有其语音系统、词法系统、句法系统,同时还有功能表达系统(修辞、语用等)。不仅如此,这些要素还以一种相依相亲、相辅相成的方式形成一个有机结构系统。系统结构含蕴并传达情感和意义,使社会交际成为可能。但是,除了这些普遍性以外,各民族语言还有特殊性。每一种语言都受到其地缘社会因素和地缘政治因素的深刻影响,也就是说,与其所处的地缘文化极其密切;语言的发展甚至 An Introduction It is a basic fact that the languages ​​of all ethnic groups in the world have common features. All human languages ​​have their own speech system, lexical system, syntactic system, as well as functional expression system (rhetoric, pragmatics, etc.). Not only that, these elements form an organic structural system in a mutually dependent, complementary way. System structure contains meaning and convey the emotion and meaning, making social communication possible. However, apart from these universals, there are particularities in each national language. Each language is strongly influenced by its geo-social and geopolitical factors, that is, with the geo-culture in which it is located; the development of languages ​​and even