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龙粳31是黑龙江省农业科学院水稻研究所选育的寒地早粳超级稻新品种,具有早熟、高产、优质、抗病、抗倒、耐寒等诸多优点。本研究对其亲本进行追溯,构建系谱图,分析亲本主要特性及核遗传贡献率,揭示其遗传演化历程,为水稻育种亲本的选择和利用提供参考。结果表明:龙粳31属于下北细胞质家族,传递途径为:下北→早丰→合江20→合江21→龙交89032→龙粳10号→龙粳13→龙粳31。核遗传物质由祖先亲本下北、石狩白毛、农林11、虾夷、笹锦、红星2号、奥羽239、曲系17、藤系117、雪光、越光、收921、空知、北明、空育125、北海84、台中27、高雄53、合选58和色江克按不同比例共同提供,核遗传贡献率分别为:4.6875%、0.9766%、2.5391%、8.2031%、3.9063%、3.1250%、3.9063%、7.8125%、15.6250%、12.5000%、1.5625%、1.5625%、3.1250%、6.2500%、12.5000%、0.7813%、0.7813%、0.7813%、6.2500%和3.1250%。亲本选择时,要注重母本在当地的适应性,而父本则应具有地理远缘或生态远缘的基因血缘;遗传基础狭窄是寒地稻区水稻育种取得新突破的主要限制因素。
Longjing 31 is a new winter wheat super rice variety selected from Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Rice. It has many advantages such as early maturity, high yield, good quality, disease resistance, lodging resistance and cold tolerance. In this study, we traced their parents, constructed pedigree, analyzed the main characteristics of parents and nuclear genetic contribution rate, revealed the genetic evolution course, and provided reference for the selection and utilization of rice breeding parents. The results showed that Longjing 31 belonged to the northern cytoplasm family. The transmission routes were Xiabei → Zaofeng → Hejiang 20 → Hejiang 21 → Longjiao 89032 → Longjing 10 → Longjing 13 → Longjing 31. Nuclear genetic material from the ancestral parents under the North, Ishiguro White hair, agriculture and forestry 11, shrimp, Yi Jin, Red Star 2, Austria Yu 239, song 17, rattan 117, snow light, Koshihikari, income 921, Kongyuyu 125, Beihai 84, Taichung 27, Kaohsiung 53, Hexi 58 and Heijiangkang were provided in different proportions. The contribution rates of nuclear inheritance were 4.6875%, 0.9766%, 2.5391%, 8.2031%, 3.9063%, 3.1250% , 3.9063%, 7.8125%, 15.6250%, 12.5000%, 1.5625%, 1.5625%, 3.1250%, 6.2500%, 12.5000%, 0.7813%, 0.7813%, 0.7813%, 6.2500% and 3.1250% respectively. Parents should pay attention to the adaptability of the local mother, while the male parent should have geographical or ecological distant genetic blood; narrow genetic basis for rice in cold paddy rice to make new breakthroughs in the main limiting factor.