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目的为了解武威市急性职业中毒事故发生原因,有效预防和控制急性职业中毒提供科学依据。方法采取回顾性调查方法对甘肃省武威市1990-2010年7起急性职业中毒事故原因进行分析。结果全市共发生急性职业中毒事故7起,中毒人数33例,死亡16例,中毒病死率为48.48%;主要以煤炭行业为主,占57.14%;毒物种类主要是一氧化碳;造成急性职业中毒原因主要是防护安全知识缺乏违章操作,发生期数4起,中毒24例,构成比为72.72%。结论开展职业病防治法宣传,加强企业领导和劳动者的职业安全培训教育;配备、完善生产防护设施和急救设备;加大执法力度,做好预防性和经常性监督工作,规范企业经营行为,防止和减少急性职业中毒事件发生。
Objective To understand the causes of acute occupational poisoning in Wuwei City and provide scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of acute occupational poisoning. Methods Retrospective survey method was used to analyze the causes of acute occupational poisoning in 7 hospitals in Wuwei City, Gansu Province from 1990 to 2010. Results There were 7 acute occupational poisoning accidents in the city, 33 poisoning cases and 16 deaths, with a poisoning case fatality rate of 48.48%, mainly in the coal industry, accounting for 57.14%. The main types of poisonous substances were carbon monoxide. The main causes of acute occupational poisoning Is a lack of protection and safety knowledge of illegal operations, the number of occurrences 4, 24 cases of poisoning, the composition ratio of 72.72%. Conclusion Publicity on prevention and control of occupational diseases was carried out to enhance occupational safety training and education for business leaders and laborers; to equip and perfect production protective facilities and first aid equipment; to increase law enforcement efforts, to make preventive and regular supervision work, to standardize business operations and prevent And reduce the incidence of acute occupational poisoning.