目的　为临床牙种植和下颌骨外伤的处理提供形态学基础。方法　对 30例成人下颌牙窝外壁厚度、牙窝间隔厚度、牙窝深度、牙窝上口的径线进行了观察和测量。结果　在所有下颌牙窝中 ,中切牙窝最浅 ,其左侧为 8.96± 1.79m m,右侧为8.6 7± 2 .46 mm;尖牙窝最深 ,左侧为 14 .38± 2 .5 8m m,右侧为 13.74± 2 .18m m。下颌牙窝外壁上缘薄 ,下缘厚 ,且外壁可有缺损 ,缺损出现率为 6 .46 % .结论　熟悉下颌牙窝的结构特点对牙种植和下颌骨外伤的处理具有重要的临床意义。 Objective To provide morphological basis for the treatment of dental implants and mandibular trauma. Methods The thickness of mandibular alveolar wall, the thickness of the interdental fossa, the depth of the alveolar fossa and the diameter of the upper mouth were observed and measured in 30 adult patients. Results In all the mandibular alveoli, the maxillary incisor was the lightest, with the left side of 8.96 ± 1.79mm and the right side of 8.6 7 ± 2.46mm; the canine fossa deepest with the left side of 14.38 ± 2.5 8m m, right side of 13.74 ± 2 .18m m. The upper edge of the outer wall of the mandibular alveolus is thin, the lower edge is thick, and the outer wall can be damaged, the defect rate is 6.46% .Conclusion It is of great clinical significance to familiarize the structure of the mandibular denture in the treatment of dental implants and mandibular injuries.