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目的:探讨有氧训练和大强度疲劳训练对大鼠窦房结(Sinoatrialnode,SAN)P细胞、T细胞超微结构及其Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响。方法:采用跑台训练方式,建立大鼠有氧运动和疲劳运动模型。分别采用免疫组织化学SABC法和电镜技术观察SANP细胞、T细胞的Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达及其超微结构的变化。结果:有氧训练组SANP细胞、T细胞线粒体丰富,细胞连接结构正常;Bcl-2蛋白表达均显著高于对照组和疲劳训练组。疲劳训练组SANP细胞、T细胞胞浆线粒体明显肿胀,嵴断裂并有空泡化表现,细胞连接有扩张表现;Bax蛋白表达均显著高于有氧训练组和安静对照组。结论:不同强度运动训练影响大鼠SANP细胞、T细胞超微结构的变化,尤其是疲劳训练可造成SANP细胞、T细胞结构性微损伤和细胞凋亡的发生。
Objective: To investigate the effects of aerobic training and intensive training on the ultrastructures of P and T cells and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in rat sinoatrial node (SAN). Methods: The treadmill training method was used to establish the model of aerobic exercise and fatigue in rats. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein and the ultrastructure of SANP cells and T cells were observed by immunohistochemical SABC and electron microscopy respectively. Results: In aerobic training group, SANP cells and T cells were abundant in mitochondria, and the cell junctional structure was normal. The expression of Bcl-2 protein was significantly higher in the aerobic training group than in the control group and the fatigue training group. In the fatigue training group, the cytoplasmic mitochondria of SANP cells and T cells were obviously swollen, the cristae were broken and had vacuolization, and the cells were connected with an expansion. The expression of Bax was significantly higher than that of the aerobic training group and the quiet control group. CONCLUSION: Different intensity exercise training can affect the changes of ultrastructure of SAN cells and T cells, especially fatigue training, which can cause the structural damage and apoptosis of SANP cells and T cells.