本文是从1954年起到1957年三年多时间内在渖阳对总共七十多品种和三十多杂交组合的番茄的一些性状的观察研究总结,初步结论有以下几点:一、在渖阳地区春冬温床育苗的情况下番茄从播种到初次收获约需135天,其中发芽期为12.5±6.5天,幼苗期29.5±5.5天,花器发育期为35±8天,果实发育斯包括开花期在内为58±10天。花芽分化开始于第四真叶出现时。在一年之中6月播种的物候期最短,从出土到初次收获仅80天。二、影响第二发育分期长短的主要因素是气温,凡是平均温度在20℃以上的都比在15℃左右的短。影响第三发育分期长短的主要因素是光照强度。在自然气候变异幅度内的温度降水量等因素虽有影响但不及光照,影响第四和第五发育分期长短的主要因素也是温度。三、花期早晚和果实发育期的长短对早熟性有大致相等的重要性。在通常温床育苗情况下受果实发育长短的影响较大,当幼苗期条件不利于花芽分化时则受花期早晚的影响较大。四、第一花序节次的高低随育苗环境条件而变。在一年中有二次高低节次变化(包括温室栽培在内)即春秋低冬夏高。杂种也表现相似的趋势。节次的高低似乎主要决定于光照强度和日温差大小。五、第一花序节次的高低和品种成熟期的早晚并无一定的相关,所以这方面的传统说法是需要修正的。六、果实发育所需时期的长短与果实最后达到的大小无明显相关。果实发育期的长短主要决定于幼果期的发育速度,而幼果期的长短主要决定于气温,平均温度在20℃以上时显著较在15℃左右时为速。果实发育所需积温约在800℃左右早熟品种较少晚熟品种较多。七、继续选择早熟单株早期果实能使平均单果重逐渐减轻。八、在控制结实花序数的情况下平均单株产量主要决定于平均单果重而与平均单株结果数无明显相关。九、从6月下旬到8月的产果期内分期产量的分布呈单峰曲线,如以十天为一期则一般品种都在第三第四期达产量的最高峰。一般前三期的产量已达总产量的70～90%,故为有效利用土地起见番茄从开始采果起经30～40天即可拔株。十、杂种第一代在早熟性丰产性和早期产量方面一般都优于亲本品种。从利用杂种第一代获得早熟丰产系统来讲「比(?)」「矮红金」「波达里斯可夫」等都是较优良的亲本。 This article is from 1954 to 1957 more than three years time in Shenyang on a total of more than seventy varieties and thirty hybrids of some traits of tomato observation summary, the preliminary conclusions are as follows: First, in Shenyang In spring and winter seedlings in the area of ​​spring and winter nursery conditions from sowing to initial harvest about 135 days, of which the germination period of 12.5 ± 6.5 days, seedling stage 29.5 ± 5.5 days, flower development period of 35 ± 8 days, fruit development, Sri Lanka, including flowering 58 ± 10 days. Flower bud differentiation begins when the fourth true leaf appears. The phenology of sowing in June was the shortest in one year, only 80 days from the unearthed to the first harvest. Second, the main factor affecting the length of the second stage of development is the temperature, any average temperature above 20 ℃ than 15 ℃ or so short. The main factor affecting the length of the third stage of development is light intensity. Although the factors such as the temperature and precipitation in the range of natural climate variability are less than the illumination, the main factor that affects the length of the fourth and the fifth developmental stages is also the temperature. Third, the sooner or later flowering period and the length of the fruit development period is roughly equal to the importance of prematurity. Under the condition of normal hotbed nursery, the length of fruit development is greatly affected. When the condition of seedling is not conducive to flower bud differentiation, it is greatly affected by the flowering time. Fourth, the order of the first inflorescences vary with the nursery environment conditions. In the year there are two sub-level changes (including greenhouse cultivation included), that is, spring and autumn low in summer. Hybrids also show similar trends. The level seems to be mainly determined by the level of light intensity and day temperature difference. Fifth, the order of the first inflorescences is not related to the early or late maturity of the cultivars, so the traditional statement in this respect needs to be amended. Sixth, the length of time required for fruit development and the size of the fruit reached no significant correlation. The length of fruit development is mainly determined by the developmental rate of young fruit, while the length of young fruit is mainly determined by the temperature. When the average temperature is above 20 ℃, it is significantly faster than at about 15 ℃. The accumulated temperature required for fruit development is about 800 ℃. Early-maturing varieties have less late-maturing varieties. Seven, continue to choose early early fruit of individual plants can make the average fruit weight gradually reduced. In the case of controlling the number of inflorescences, the average yield per plant was mainly determined by the average fruit weight without any significant correlation with the average number of single fruit. Nine, from late June to August, the distribution of yield during the period of fruit yield showed a single peak curve, such as the ten days for a period of general varieties are in the third fourth reached the peak output. Generally the first three production has reached 70% to 90% of the total output, so the effective use of the land from the beginning of fruit picking tomatoes from 30 to 40 days to pull strains. Ten, hybrid first generation in early maturity and early yield are generally superior to the parental varieties. From the use of hybrid first generation access to early maturing high yield system in terms of “(?)” “Dwarf red gold” “Polarisikov” are all better parents.