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前置是突显信息一种语法方式,如:“书,我买了三本。”这种分裂句对应两种语用功能:前置名词是话题或是焦点。对7个人在这两种语境下朗读的280个分裂句进行声学分析,结果表明:(1)两种条件下,前置名词后都有明显停顿。前置名词本身的音高和时长没有差别;(2)两种信息结构对基干部分有不同的韵律调节作用。前置名词为焦点时压低了基干部分的音高,而前置名词为话题时基干部分的音高为渐降。由此可见,话题的语调调节范围是自身,而焦点是全句;(3)前置名词和基干部分间的停顿在焦点条件下长于话题条件。22人对分裂句问答匹配度的判断结果表明,两种信息结构的不同韵律编码方式是有感知意义的。
Preposition is to highlight the information of a grammatical way, such as: “Book, I bought three.” This split sentence corresponds to two kinds of pragmatic functions: the preposition is the topic or focus. An acoustical analysis of 280 cleft sentences read by 7 individuals in both contexts showed that: (1) There was a significant pause after the prepositions under both conditions. There is no difference between the pitch and duration of the prepositions; (2) The two kinds of information structures have different rhythm adjustment functions on the trunk part. When the preposition is the focus, the pitch of the trunk part is depressed, while the pitch of the trunk part when the preposition is the topic is gradually decreased. It can be seen from this that the adjustment range of the topic’s intonation is itself and the focus is the full sentence; (3) the pauses between the prepositions and the stems are longer than the topic conditions under the focus conditions. 22 people’s judgment on the match degree of split sentence quiz shows that the different prosodic coding modes of the two kinds of information structures have perceptual significance.