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上博简《仲弓》通过仲弓与孔子之间的问答,阐述了战国早期儒家的主要政治关注。简文针对施政纲领的讨论,包括强化社会伦常建设、强调官员的表率作用、主张举荐贤才以及宽政治民等四个方面,内容十分丰富。简文在强调社会教化与社会民生之间重要关系的同时,又从祭、丧、行三个方面论述了敬、爱等社会伦常的培养,尝试建立伦常教化的社会机制。值得注意的是,简文分别从忠与敬两个方面论述了臣子事君之道:既强调臣子要忠于职守,又提醒臣子要恭敬谨慎,避祸保身,反映出战国早期儒家臣道思想的多元特征。《仲弓》为我们了解儒家政治思想在战国早期这一特殊历史阶段的发展提供了重要的资料。
On the bamboo slips of “Zhong Gong”, through the question and answer between Zhong Gong and Confucius, it expounds the main political concerns of the early Confucianism in the Warring States Period. The article is very rich in content on the discussion of the policy agenda, including strengthening the building of an ethic society, emphasizing the exemplary role of officials, advocating the promotion of good talent and wide political people. While emphasizing the important relationship between social education and social livelihood, the essay discusses the cultivation of social ethics such as respect and love from three aspects: sacrifice, funeral and practice, and tries to set up a social mechanism of ethics education. It is noteworthy that the essay discusses the courtesan affairs from the two aspects of loyalty and respect, respectively: not only emphasizes the loyalty of the courtiers, but also reminds the courtiers to be respectful and cautious, to protect themselves and to reflect the Confucian doctrine in the early Warring States Multivariate features. “Zhong Gong” provided important information for us to understand the development of Confucianism in this special historical period in the early days of the Warring States.