卖得掉才是商品。这句话好像是人人明白的大实话,然而却是计划经济体制转向市场经济体制过程中首先需要明确的观念。 市场经济与自然经济、计划经济的不同,首先在于它生产的是商品。自然经济是为满足自己的需要而生产,主产的粮、油、肉、果是为了自己吃,生产棉花自己织布穿衣,生产的是使用价值,只在产品有多余的情况下才进行偶然的、少量的交换。卖得掉固然好,卖不掉关系也不大。计划经济下,企业生产的产品虽然不是为自己吃用,而是由上级根据计划调走,但是调给谁,是 Selling is the product. This sentence seems to be the truth everyone understands. However, it is the first thing that needs to be clearly defined in the process of planning the economic system to turn to a market economic system. The first difference between the market economy, the natural economy, and the planned economy is that it produces goods. The natural economy is produced to meet their own needs. The main grain, oil, meat, and fruit are produced for their own consumption. The production of cotton itself is clothed and the value of production is used. It is only performed when the product is redundant. Accidental, small amount of exchange. It’s good to sell off, and it’s not a big deal to sell. Under the planned economy, although the products produced by enterprises are not used for their own use but are transferred by superiors according to plans, they are transferred to whom.