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目的了解辽宁省小学生、班主任及学校管理人员对突发事件认知水平与安全知识水平现状,为进一步对小学生进行安全健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用自行设计的学生问卷、教师及学校管理人员问卷,对3 166名学生、158名班主任及学校管理人员进行调查。结果小学生对突发事件种类的全面知晓率为16.6%,不同年级小学生对突发事件种类、突发事件重视程度的认知情况差异有统计学意义(Z值分别为-5.00,-4.85,P值均<0.05);小学生对踩踏、伤害、溺水、食物中毒、触电、交通事件、地震、火灾8项突发事件安全知识的知晓率为3.8%~75.4%,不同性别、年级学生对伤害事件的安全知识知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为5.47,5.34,P值均<0.05);班主任及学校管理人员对突发事件种类的全面知晓率为36.7%,认为突发事件与生活息息相关的人员比例为74.7%,对突发事件表示重视的人员比例为74.7%。不同城市类型的班主任及学校管理人员对突发事件安全知识知晓率在自然灾害、公共卫生方面差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为4.60,5.11,P值均<0.05)。结论学生、班主任及学校管理人员对突发事件认知水平及安全知识知晓情况亟待提高,学校应加强学生安全健康教育,提高学生的应急能力。
Objective To understand the status quo of awareness level and safety knowledge of primary school students, class leaders and school administrators in Liaoning Province in order to provide reference for primary school students to carry out safety and health education. Methods A total of 3,166 students, 158 class supervisors and school administrators were surveyed using self-designed questionnaires of students, teachers and school administrators. Results The pupils’ overall awareness of the types of emergencies was 16.6%. There were significant differences in the cognitive status of pupils in different grades among the types of emergencies and the importance of emergencies (Z values were -5.00 and -4.85, P (P <0.05). The awareness rate of primary school students about the safety of 8 incidents of stampede, injury, drowning, food poisoning, electric shock, traffic accident, earthquake and fire was 3.8% ~ 75.4% (Χ2 = 5.47,5.34, P <0.05 respectively). The full awareness rate of class directors and school administrators about the types of emergencies was 36.7%. It was considered that emergency and life The proportion of people who are closely related is 74.7%, while the percentage of those who attach importance to emergencies is 74.7%. There was significant difference in the knowledge of emergency safety knowledge between class teachers and school administrators in different urban types in natural disasters and public health (χ2 = 4.60,5.11, P <0.05 respectively). Conclusion Students, class supervisors and school administrators need to know more about the level of emergency cognition and safety knowledge. Schools should strengthen students’ safety and health education so as to improve their emergency response ability.