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反映一个国家或地区的社会发展状况,除使用人均GDP指标外,还需要其他指标.为更全面地反映各国综合发展情况,联合国从1990年起,在人类发展报告中引人了人文发展指数HDI(Humanity Developing In-dex).该指数由人均GDP、预期寿命.教育(初、中、高等教育)综合入学率、成人识字率等指标指数化构成.其中人均GDP用购买力平价表示,反映国民的物质生活水平;预期寿命反映国民身体素质是否健康长寿;后两个教育指标反映国民的受教育程度及获取知识的能力.1995年联合国公布了1992年各国的人文发展指数HDI及其排名.其中加拿大排第一,美国第二,中国第111位.中国的人文发展状况大大低于世界前60名发达国家平均水平!中国HDI之所以如此落后.除人均GDP较低外,教育落后是重要原因.
Reflecting the social development of a country or region, besides using per capita GDP indicators, other indicators are needed.In order to more fully reflect the comprehensive development of all countries, the United Nations has brought human development index HDI into the human development report since 1990, (Humanity Developing In-dex), which is composed of indexes such as per capita GDP, life expectancy, comprehensive enrollment rate in education (primary, secondary and tertiary education) and adult literacy rate, etc. Per capita GDP is expressed in terms of purchasing power parity, The life expectancy of the people reflects whether the national physical quality is healthy and longevity, the latter two education indicators reflect the education level of the people and their ability to acquire knowledge. In 1995, the United Nations published HDI and its ranking of human development indexes of various countries in 1992. Among them, Canada Ranked first, the United States second, China’s 111. China’s humane development is much lower than the average level of the world’s top 60 developed countries! China’s HDI is so backward, with the exception of lower per capita GDP, the backward education is an important reason.