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从比较政党体制的视野来看,中国先是在民国初期出现了政党林立的局面,形成了共生型政党-国家关系模式;其后国民党以党治国,形成了典型的外生型政党-国家关系模式;在中国共产党取得革命胜利、建立中华人民共和国之后,党的一元化领导不断强化,党政不分、以党代政,仍属于一种外生型政党-国家关系模式;在“文化大革命”期间,形成了毛泽东个人独裁型政党-国家关系模式;只有在改革开放之后,中国共产党反思过去的经验教训,开始推进社会主义民主与法制建设,强调党在宪法和法律的范围内活动,开始逐步向内生型政党-国家关系模式转变。改革开放以来中国在推动经济发展和现代化建设的过程中,不断深化政治体制改革,按照依法执政、依法治国的基本方略,重构政党与国家之间的关系,在党的领导下提升人民代表大会的地位,加强人民代表大会的权威,特别是推动党委书记兼任人大主任,使执政党进入国家政权机关,通过国家政权机关,依靠国家政权机关,实施党对国家事务的领导。这是发展社会主义民主政治和建设社会主义法治国家的一条切实有效的途径,是加强国家建设和推动政治转型并使二者有机结合的成功尝试。
From a comparative perspective of the political party system, China first appeared in various political parties in the early Republic of China, forming a symbiotic political party-state relationship model. After that, the KMT formed a typical exogenous political party - state relations model ; After the Communist Party of China won the revolution and established the People’s Republic of China, the party’s unified leadership has been continuously strengthened; party and government are divided into two parts and the party is in power; it still belongs to a exogenous party-state relationship model; in the “Cultural Revolution” Only during the period of reform and opening up did the CPC review the past experiences and lessons, start promoting the building of socialist democracy and the rule of law, emphasize the party’s activities within the scope of the Constitution and the law, and start Gradually Endogenous Political Parties - The Transformation of the Pattern of State Relations. Since the reform and opening up, China has continuously deepened its reform of the political system in the process of promoting economic development and modernization. According to the basic strategy of governing the country according to law and governing the country according to law, China has restructured the relations between the political parties and the country and promoted the people’s congress under the leadership of the party. Strengthen the authority of the National People’s Congress, and especially promote the appointment of party chiefs as director of the people’s congress, so that the ruling party can enter the state organs of state power and rely on the state organs of state power to carry out the party’s leadership of state affairs through the organs of state power. This is an effective and effective way for developing socialist democracy and building a socialist country ruled by law. It is a successful attempt to strengthen the building of the country and the promotion of political transition and to combine the two organically.