目的　探讨分析准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术 (PRK)治疗近视后对角膜内皮细胞的影响。方法　对 10 1只眼PRK术后者 ,用接触型镜面反光角膜内皮显微镜 (KonanSP 5 5 0 0型 ,日本 )检测不同部位角膜内皮细胞 ,并统计分析其在不同度数范围内的平均细胞密度、细胞面积的变异系数和六角形细胞的百分率。结果　平均细胞密度在C组平均下降 10 % ;A ,B组的下降无统计学意义。细胞面积的变异系数及六角形细胞百分率均在C组有明显改变。结论　PRK术对极高度近视 (切削角膜厚度超过 15 0 μm)的角膜内皮细胞有较大影响 ,随时间推移未发现进一步的变化。 Objective To investigate the effect of excimer laser refractive keratectomy (PRK) on corneal endothelial cells after myopia treatment. Methods The corneal endothelial cells in different parts of the corneal endothelium were examined with a contact specular reflective corneal endothelium microscope (KonanSP5 500, Japan). The average cell density in different degrees was statistically analyzed. Coefficient of variation of cell area and percentage of hexagonal cells. Results The average cell density in group C decreased by 10% on average; the decrease in group A and B was not statistically significant. The coefficient of variation of cell area and the percentage of hexagonal cells in group C were significantly changed. Conclusions PRK has a significant effect on corneal endothelial cells with very high myopia (corneal thickness over 150 μm). No further changes were observed with the passage of time.