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本文利用生态学方法定量地研究了长白山高山苔原主要建群种植物——牛皮杜鹃群落的物质循环。研究结果表明:在植物与土壤之间的封闭循环中,植物年吸收的元素数量大于凋落物年分解释放的量,处于不平衡状态。而在开放循环中,整个群落的物质(除N.P外)循环处于基本平衡状态。在研究不同元素与植物之间的关系时还发现:植物的各部位对不同元素的累积能力具有明显的差异。如植物花、果中的Ca、Mg、N和P含量高,根中的Fe,Al含量高。在植物同一部位中,各元素的累积能力也不同,如Ca,Mg,Mn,P和N在叶肉中的含量高于在叶脉中的含量,而Fe,Al在叶脉中的含量却高于叶肉中的含量。这种差异性标志着不同的化学元素具有不同的植物生理功能。存在于叶肉中的化学元素要比存在于叶脉或纤维中的化学元素循环周期短,植物利用率高,这对保持生态系统内的物质平衡具有重要的作用。
In this paper, the ecological methods were used to quantitatively study the material circulation of the Rhododendron community, a major grouping species of alpine tundra in Changbai Mountains. The results show that in the closed cycle between plants and soil, the amount of elements absorbed by plants in a year is greater than the amount released by decomposition of litter and is in an unbalanced state. In the open cycle, the entire community of substances (except N.P) cycle in a basic equilibrium. In the study of the relationship between different elements and plants also found that: the various parts of plants on the accumulation of different elements have significant differences. Such as plant flowers, fruit Ca, Mg, N and P content is high, the root of Fe, Al content is high. In the same part of plant, the accumulative abilities of different elements were also different. For example, the content of Ca, Mg, Mn, P and N in leaf was higher than that in leaf, while the content of Fe and Al in leaf was higher than that of leaf In the content. This difference marks the different chemical elements have different plant physiological functions. The chemical elements present in the mesophyll cycle shorter than the chemical elements present in the veins or fibers, plant utilization is high, which plays an important role in maintaining the material balance within the ecosystem.