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黄河是中华民族的摇篮,又是我国历史上洪涝灾害最频繁的河流,以善淤、善决、善徙而闻名于世。自郑州花园口以下,不断决口改道,河道在天津到江苏的滨海县间来回摆动。自公元前602年到1938年的2540年中,决口泛滥1590次,平均“三年两决口”,改道26次,而大的改道就6次。 第一次大改道是在春秋中叶周定王五年(公元前602年),《河书·沟洫志》中有记载:“定王五年河徙。”自今河南浚县、滑县、濮阳一带,再经清丰、内黄、南乐进入河北入卫河,北经沧州、静海、天津入海,这条河稳定了五百多年,一直至西汉文帝后才出现决口。而王莽始建国三年(11年)在魏郡(今河北磁县南)的决口使主流在今山东入海。
The Yellow River is the cradle of the Chinese nation. It is also the river with the most floods and disasters in history in our country. It is famous for its good silt, good righteousness and good migration. Since Zhengzhou Huayuankou, the constant breach of diversion, the river in Tianjin to Jiangsu’s coastal counties swing back and forth. Between 602 BC and 1940, 2540, there were 1590 floods, with an average of “two years of bursts in three years”, a change of 26 routes, and a large diverted route of 6 times. The first major diversion was made in the mid-spring and autumn Zhou Wang five years (602 BC), “River books ditch Chi Chi” in the records: “King five years of river migration.” Since this Xunxian County, Huaxian, Puyang area, and then by Qingfeng, Neihuang, Nanle into Hebei Wei River, north via Cangzhou, Jinghai, Tianjin into the sea, the river stabilized for more than 500 years, until the Western Han Dynasty Emperor appeared after the burst. Wang Mang was the founding of the country for three years (11 years) in Wei County (now Hebei Cixian South) the burst of the mainstream in this Shandong into the sea.