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目的分析天津市2006—2012年新发尘肺病分布特点。方法通过“健康危害因素监测信息系统”收集天津市2006年1月1日至2012年12月31日新发的尘肺病病例资料,按病种、企业类型及所在行业和工种等方面进行流行病学特征分析。结果天津市2006—2012年新报告尘肺病病例2 882例,尘肺病壹期、贰期和叁期病例数分别为2 707、169和6例。矽肺和铸工尘肺为尘肺病主要病种,分别占39.49%和15.51%。主要发病行业为非金属矿采选业、炼焦行业及通用和专业设备制造业,发病工种呈多样化分布。尘肺壹期病例发病年龄中位数(M)为51.0岁,接尘工龄M为21.0年;不同种类尘肺病壹期病例发病年龄和接尘工龄差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论天津市2006—2012年尘肺病发病形势严峻,应加强对重点行业的监督管理,有针对性地做好尘肺病防治工作。
Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of new onset pneumoconiosis in Tianjin from 2006 to 2012. Methods The data of cases of pneumoconiosis newly issued in Tianjin from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2012 were collected through Health Hazard Monitoring Information System, according to the type of disease, the type of enterprise and the industries and types of work Epidemiological characteristics analysis. Results A total of 2 882 pneumoconiosis cases were reported in Tianjin from 2006 to 2012. The number of pneumoconiosis cases in the first, second and third phases was 2 707, 169 and 6 cases respectively. Pneumoconiosis and castor pneumoconiosis are the main types of pneumoconiosis, accounting for 39.49% and 15.51% respectively. The main disease-causing industries are non-metallic mining industry, coking industry and general and professional equipment manufacturing industry. The median age at onset of pneumoconiosis was 51.0 years (M), and the M-exposure period was 21.0 years. The incidence of age at one stage of pneumoconiosis was significantly different from that at the second stage (P <0.01). Conclusion The incidence of pneumoconiosis in Tianjin from 2006 to 2012 is very serious. Supervision and management of key industries should be strengthened and prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis should be done in a targeted manner.