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德国政府计划于2014年对可再生能源支持政策进行全面改革,此次改革仍保留了《可再生能源法2012》的整体架构,重点是要控制非水电可再生能源的补贴成本。采取的主要措施包括控制风电、光伏和生物质发电年度装机容量增长目标,补贴重点侧重更加经济有效的可再生能源类型(即陆上风电和光伏),上网电价递减率与年度新增装机容量挂钩的灵活限额机制,调整上网电价递减周期等。同时通过直接营销和拍卖等市场机制,让可再生能源更加融入市场。这标志着德国可再生能源的发展进入到引导投资和重点扶持的新阶段。建议借鉴德国《可再生能源法》完善我国可再生能源支持政策,包括针对不同可再生能源的技术特点制定完善的、自适应的上网电价模型,顺应技术发展规律实行“老机老电价、新机新电价”的电价调整机制,不断提高补贴手段的市场化和有效性等。
The German government plans to conduct a comprehensive reform of the renewable energy supportive policy in 2014. The reform still retains the overall framework of the Renewable Energy Law 2012 and focuses on controlling the subsidy costs of non-hydropower renewable energy. The major measures taken include the control of the annual installed capacity growth targets for wind power, photovoltaic and biomass power generation. The subsidies focus on more cost-effective types of renewable energy (ie onshore wind and photovoltaic), and the tariff decline rate is linked to the annual new installed capacity Flexible quota mechanism to adjust the online tariff descending cycle. At the same time, renewable energy can be more integrated into the market through market mechanisms such as direct marketing and auctions. This marks the development of Germany’s renewable energy into a new phase of investment and key support. It is suggested to consummate the renewable energy law of Germany to improve the renewable energy support policy of our country, including to formulate a complete and adaptive feed-in tariff model for the technical characteristics of different renewable energy sources and to comply with the law of technological development to implement “ Machine new price ”price adjustment mechanism, and constantly improve the marketability and effectiveness of subsidies and so on.