To study the role and value of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists (GnRH a) and laparoscopy for the treatment of adenomyosis with infertility Methods Four cases were seen with adenomyosis and infertility, 3 of these cases also presented local adenomyomata in the posterior uterine wall GnRH a Triptorelin (decapeptyl) or Goserelin (Zoladex) therapy was instituted for six months before laqaroscopic surgery for coexisting pelvic pathologic infertility factors in one case and after laparoscopic surgery in three cases Results All cases remained amenorrheic during GnRH a therapy After the GnRH a therapy, all enlarged uterus (7-10 weeks gestation size) all decreased to normal or near normal size; menstruation returned in 80-90 days and three cases conceived within four menstrual periods after cessation of treatment In the 4 cases one pregnancy resulted in the birth of a healthy 3150?g male newborn at 38 weeks gestation by cesarean section; one pregnancy was terminated after adenomyomectomy by emergency cesarean section at 30 weeks gestation because of threatened rupture of uterus; one case was then normal at 28 weeks pregnancy; the last case had 2 resumptive menstrual periods and was still being followed up Conclusions GnRH a is markedly efficient in reducing adenomyotic uterine size, facilitates uterine or endometrial receptivity for embryos and enhances uterine ability to maintain pregnancy For adenomyomata associated with infertility, GnRH a instead of surgical removal of lesions, which are deep in the myometrium, may avoid uterine rupture when pregnancy occurs For infertility, GnRH a treatment before laparoscopic surgery greatly decreases surgical difficulties and blood loss in certain cases To study the role and value of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists (GnRH a) and laparoscopy for the treatment of adenomyosis with infertility Methods Four cases were seen with adenomyosis and infertility, 3 of these cases also presented local adenomyomata in the posterior uterine wall GnRH a Triptorelin (decapeptyl or Goserelin (Zoladex) therapy was instituted for six months before laqaroscopic surgery for one case and after laparoscopic surgery in one case and after laparoscopic surgery in three cases Results all cases remained amenorrheic during GnRH a therapy After the GnRH a therapy, all enlarged uterus (7-10 weeks gestation size) all decreased to normal or near normal size; menstruation returned in 80-90 days and three cases conceived within four menstrual periods after cessation of treatment In the 4 cases one pregnancy resulted in the birth of a healthy 3150? G male newborn at 38 weeks gestation by cesarean section; one pregnancy was terminated after the last case had 2 resumptive menstrual periods and was still beared up Conclusions GnRH a is markedly efficient in reducing adenomyotic uterine size, facilitates uterine or endometrial receptivity for embryos and enhances uterine ability to maintain pregnancy For adenomyomata associated with infertility, GnRH a instead of surgical removal of lesions, which are deep in the myometrium, may avoid uterine rupture when pregnancy occurs for infertility, GnRH a treatment before laparoscopic surgery may decrease surgical difficulties and blood loss in certain cases