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目的:评价解剖学和影像学方法观察寰枢关节(AAJ)及相关结构的优缺点及应用价值。方法:对8例寰枢关节段尸体解剖标本进行解剖学和影像学对比研究,观察椎动脉寰枢段(VA-A)、第1、2脊神经(CN1,CN2)以及AAJ滑膜皱襞(SF)的解剖,测量它们的大小及位置关系值。结果:CN1出椎管后向外下走行于寰椎后弓上缘及VA下缘,CN2出椎管后走行于寰、枢椎后弓之间及VA后。SF存在于寰枢中央前关节6例,寰枢外侧关节5例。VA-A沿AAJ走行,有4个弯曲,其中第2、4个弯曲远离其骨结构。CN1、CN2到VA-A距离范围分别为0.0~2.2 mm、0.0~3.6 mm,VA2个弯曲行程远离AAJ骨结构距离范围分别为0.0~4.8 mm、2.0~7.9 mm,解剖及影像测量值统计学比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:解剖学方法有利于观察CN和SF,影像学方法显示VA-A与AAJ清楚。两者具有互补性,得到的测量值相当,结合应用为研究该区域的复杂解剖提供了新的手段。
Objective: To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the atlantoaxial joint (AAJ) and its related structures by using anatomy and imaging methods. Methods: Anatomical and imaging studies were performed on the autopsy specimens of 8 patients with atlantoaxial joint. VA-A, 1, 2 spinal nerves (CN1, CN2) and AAJ synovial folds ) Of the anatomy, measuring their size and position relationship value. Results: After CN1 was out of the spinal canal, it proceeded to the upper edge of the posterior arch of atlas and the inferior edge of VA. CN2 came out of the vertebral canal and then moved between the atlas, the posterior arch of the axis and VA. SF was found in 6 cases of anterior atlantoaxial joint and 5 cases of lateral atlantoaxial joint. The VA-A travels along the AAJ with four bends, with the second and fourth flexing away from the bony structure. The distances between CN1 and CN2 to VA-A ranged from 0.0 to 2.2 mm and from 0.0 to 3.6 mm, respectively. The range of VA2 flexion distances away from the AAJ bones were 0.0 to 4.8 mm and 2.0 to 7.9 mm, respectively The difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical method favors the observation of CN and SF, and radiographic methods show clear VA-A and AAJ. The two are complementary, and the measured values are similar, and the combined application provides a new method for the study of complex anatomy in this area.