1949年,中国共产党领导的人民政权从国民党反动派手里接收过来的,是一个经济凋敝、民不聊生的旧中国。在广大农村,自给自足的小农经济比比皆是。而且这时小农经济经历了抗日战争和解放战争连续12年的极大破坏,农业生产下降,农民生活异常窘迫。旧中国的商业是长期在帝国主义、封建主义与官僚资本主义的统治下生存和发展起来的,所以它必然带有浓厚的半殖民地半封建性和投机性。旧中国的商业与广大人民是脱节的,城市和乡村严重对立。这正是旧中国经济的另一个重要特征。解放初,这些特征依然大部分存在。 1950年3月全国统一财政经济工作,物 In 1949, the people’s power led by the Chinese Communist Party took over from the hands of the Kuomintang reactionaries and was an old China that was sluggish in economic life. In the vast rural areas, self-sufficient smallholder peasant economies abound. Moreover, at this time, the peasant economy experienced tremendous damage for 12 consecutive years during the Anti-Japanese War and the War of Liberation. Agricultural production declined and peasant life was exceptionally embarrassed. For a long time, the old Chinese business had survived and developed under the rule of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism, so it must have a strong semi-colonial semi-feudal and speculative nature. Old China’s commerce is out of line with the general public, with serious opposition between cities and villages. This is another important feature of the old Chinese economy. At the beginning of liberation, most of these traits still existed. March 1950 National unified financial and economic work, material