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目的了解淮安市金湖县农村居民健康素养状况及影响因素,为其有针对性地开展健康教育提供依据。方法根据健康素养66条,将调查内容归纳为基本知识和理念、健康生活方式和行为、基本技能等3类,分别计算各类健康素养认识度,并按性别、文化程度和年龄进行分析。结果淮安市金湖县农村居民健康素养认知度,男性为69.6%,女性为60.6%,男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不识字或识字很少、小学、初中、高中/职高/中专、大专/本科及以上等不同文化程度人群健康素养认知度分别为51.7%、65.3%、69.2%、75.3%和79.3%,认知度随着文化程度的升高而升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);15～24岁、25～34岁、35～44岁、45～54岁、55～64岁、65～69岁6个年龄组健康素养认知度分别为75.4%、74.6%、70.7%、63.5%、58.6%和52.0%,认知度随着年龄升高而下降,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论建议金湖县在全面实施健康教育干预活动时,要区分不同人群,有的放矢,特别是对女性、文化程度较低、年龄较大人群,要有针对性地开展健康教育综合干预,激励他们采取有益于健康的行为和生活方式,避免危险因素,进而达到增进健康,提高健康素质的目的。
Objective To understand the status of health literacy and its influencing factors among rural residents in Jinhu County, Huai’an City, and to provide basis for their health education. Methods Based on 66 items of health literacy, the survey was divided into three categories: basic knowledge and philosophy, healthy life style and behaviors, and basic skills. The levels of recognizing various health literatures were calculated and analyzed according to sex, educational level and age. Results The cognition of health literacy among rural residents in Jinhu County, Huai’an City was 69.6% for males and 60.6% for females, which was significantly higher in males than in females (P <0.05) , High school / vocational high school / technical secondary school, college / undergraduate and above of different literacy level health literacy awareness were 51.7%, 65.3%, 69.2%, 75.3% and 79.3%, respectively. (P <0.05). The health literacy of 6 age groups of 15-24 years old, 25-34 years old, 35-44 years old, 45-54 years old, 55-64 years old and 65-69 years old was higher than that of the control group The recognition rate was 75.4%, 74.6%, 70.7%, 63.5%, 58.6% and 52.0% respectively. The cognitive degree decreased with the increase of age, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions It is suggested that Jinhu County should differentiate different groups of people when implementing health education intervention in an all-round way and aim at it. Especially for women, those with lower education level and older age, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive health education intervention in a targeted manner to motivate them to take Conducive to healthy behavior and lifestyle, to avoid risk factors, and thus achieve the purpose of improving health and improving health quality.