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人类精神觉醒是国内外学术界关注的重要问题,也是一个非常复杂的学术问题。为了推进这项研究,我们邀请五位教授,就有关问题发表各自的高见。刘家和认为:《史记·三代世表》不包括三代先公和周厉王以后的周天子,这说明它所注重的不再是邦而是真正起作用的王朝。在总结三代历史的基础上,先秦儒家把作为历史主体的人视为类本质相同的人,认识到人的本质具有二重性,这二重性导致善与不善之间的转化,进而推动着历史的进展。公羊家则把具体的“三代”演化为“三代”周期,认为历史是断与续、变与常、一与多的统一。三代反思反映了历史意识的觉醒。晁福林认为:从思想萌芽到精神觉醒有一个非常漫长的历史时期,人类精神是从“浑沌”的状态中化育出来的;人类精神觉醒是持续的、不间断的,从古至今人类总是处在不断的精神觉醒状态之中;人类精神觉醒又是一个连续性和阶段性的统一;精神觉醒与精神枷锁的形成往往是同步的,这也许就是人类精神觉醒以及思想解放的进程永无止境的原因之一。杨适认为:考察人类精神觉醒问题不应局限在所谓“轴心时代”,人类的觉醒绝非一次性的动作,事实上是总在改进着的,到了世界史的近代和现代,这种发展出现了一次根本性的飞跃,这就是关于人类解放的新学说,即把关于人的自觉的新发展逐步推进到世界范围和全体人类。杨共乐认为:人类精神觉醒不局限于古代希腊、印度和中国,世界上其他许多民族也都经历了这一阶段;也不只表现在哲学上,其他许多领域也有精神觉醒的发生。罗马的精神觉醒就表现在协调罗马民众之间关系的政治行为上,塞尔维乌斯改革就是这种精神觉醒的一个重要标志。蒋重跃认为:承认历史是人文的,又是有规则的,这样,历史理性才会产生。变与常的统一是历史规则的基本内涵。先秦儒家承认历史是人类的活动;同时,又在历史的变与常以及变常统一的问题上取得了重要进展,这是历史理性在古代中国的一次突破。本刊特辟笔谈栏目,刊出五位的精彩论述,以飨读者。同时,热切盼望学界同仁参与讨论。
The awakening of human spirit is an important issue that scholars pay attention to at home and abroad. It is also a very complicated academic issue. In order to further this research, we invited five professors to express their respective opinions on the relevant issues. Liu Jiahe thinks: “Shi Ji · Three Generations of the World Table” does not include the first generation of the Three Generations and Zhou Dynasty after King Zhou Chih-chung, indicating that it is no longer focused on the state but the real dynasty. On the basis of summing up the history of the three generations, pre-Qin Confucians regard people who are the historical subjects as people of the same nature. They recognize the duality of human nature, which leads to the transformation between good and bad, and further advances the history. The rams evolved the specific “Three Generations” into the “Three Generations” cycle, believing that history is a combination of continuity and change with oneness and oneness. Three generations of reflection reflect the awakening of historical consciousness. Chao Fulin believes that there is a very long historical period from the germination of ideas to the awakening of spirit. The human spirit is bred from the state of “chaos.” The awakening of human spirit is continuous and unbroken. Since ancient times, mankind has always been In the state of constant spiritual awakening, the awakening of human spirit is a continuous and phased unification. The awakening of spirit and the formation of mental shackles are often synchronized. This may be the process of the awakening of human spirit and the emancipation of the mind one of the reasons. Yang Shih believes that the investigation of the awakening of the human spirit should not be confined to the so-called “axis era.” The awakening of mankind is by no means a one-off move. In fact, it is always improving. To the modern and modern world history, such development There has been a fundamental leap forward. This is a new doctrine on the liberation of mankind, that is, to gradually push forward the new development of man’s self-consciousness to the world and to all mankind. Yang Gongle believes that the spiritual awakening of mankind is not limited to ancient Greece, India and China. Many other nations in the world have also gone through this phase. It has also not only manifested itself in philosophy but also has awakened in many other fields. The spiritual awakening of Rome is manifested in the political behavior of coordinating the relations among Roman civilians, and the Serbius reform is an important symbol of this spiritual awakening. Jiang Zhongyue held: Recognizing that history is humanistic and rules is also true, so that historical rationality will emerge. Unification and change is the basic connotation of the historical rules. Pre-Qin Confucian acknowledges that history is a human activity; at the same time, it has made important progress on the historical changes and the regular and unification issues. This is a breakthrough of historical rationality in ancient China. The publication of special pen column, published five wonderful discourse to readers. At the same time, keen to look forward to academic colleagues to participate in the discussion.