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19世纪中期德国和美国的历史观都受到民族主义思潮的影响并从世界精神出发,但二者的落脚点却不尽相同。德国为了在与欧洲大陆上其他国家的竞争中占据优势,需要借助于国家权力,国家在其历史观念中占据了首要地位。德国的历史观经历了从文化的民族主义向政治的民族主义的转变,民族主义不再是多样的,而是角力的,冲突中的胜利者通常代表了一个在道德上更加优越的民族。美国的民族史观则是从自由精神发展的脉络中追溯美利坚的民族起源,并把其民族精神的核心与普世的人类价值联系起来,确证了其民族国家建立的合理性,同时发掘了美利坚人在精神上认同的根源,美国的特殊使命则是其民族个性的体现。
The views of history of Germany and the United States in the mid-19th century were both influenced by the trend of nationalism and proceeded from the spirit of the world. However, the two had different ends. In order to dominate the competition with other countries on the European continent, Germany needs the help of state power and the state occupies a primary position in its historical concept. The concept of history in Germany has undergone a change from cultural nationalism to political nationalism. Nationalism is no longer diversified, but rather wrestling. Victims in conflicts usually represent a nation that is morally superior. The concept of the nation’s history of the United States traces the origin of the nation of the United States from the context of the development of the free spirit and links the core of its national spirit with the universal human values and confirms the rationality of the establishment of its nation-state. At the same time, The root cause of the spiritual identity of the people and the special mission of the United States are the embodiment of their national character.