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Objective:To investigate the alteration of serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 1 (sFlt-1), the possible cause in preeclampsia, the relationship between altered sFlt-1 and the development of pregnancy. Methods: Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was carried out to detect the level of sFlt-1 mRNA in placental tissue of 10 preeclampsia (study group) and 10 normotensive pregnancies (control group); ELISA was used to detect the serum level of sFlt-1 in peripheral venous blood and uterine venous blood in control group (n=35) and study group (n=35), and furthermore to detect the volume of peripheral venous blood sFlt-1 in early, middle and later pregnancies. Results: sFlt-1 mRNA of placental tissue was significantly higher in preeclampsia than that in normal pregnancy. The serum level of sFlt-1 of peripheral vein in preeclampsia was higher than that in normal pregnancy ([ 5639.6±3190.5] pg/ml vs[ 2194.4±635.8 ] pg/ml, P