在应力作用下，岩石或地层会发生不同样式和特性的变形，油气运聚成藏亦与古应力场密切相关，因此古应力场研究是当今构造地质学和石油地质学的研究热点，但从地质体直接获得古应力场所有参数相当困难。近年来地质学家尝试将光弹物理模拟实验方法应用于古应力场研究中。光弹物理模拟实验是在实验室条件下直接观察和测量在外力作用下物体内部应力状态和特征的有效手段，能够得到定量化的最大主应力方向、主应力轨迹线和应力级值分布图。介绍了光弹物理模拟实验的相似理论、装置、材料和方法。以松辽盆地北部三肇凹陷和朝阳沟阶地扶余油层的古应力场光弹物理模拟实验为例，展示了实验结果。对该实验结果进行物理学和动力学分析，得到的认识概括为：①油气运聚与古应力作用导致的岩石应变之间具有时间上的非同步性，油气运聚滞后于构造变形雏形幕；②最大主应力作用方向和强度控制着非均匀介质中应力集中区和高势能区的分布；③最大主应力作用方向与断层系之间的水平夹角小于90°，最小主应力作用方向与断层系走向之间往往近于平行；④应力轨迹图可能描述了应力传递方向与油气运移方向之间的几何关系，应力级值区分布图是确定低势能区和预测油气有利成藏区的重要佐证。通过物理模拟实验定量研究古应力场，? Under the action of stress, the deformation of rock or strata will occur in different styles and characteristics. The migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon are also closely related to the paleo-stress field. Therefore, the study of paleo-stress field is a hot spot in tectonic geology and petroleum geology. However, It is quite difficult for the geological body to directly obtain the parameters of ancient stress field. In recent years, geologists have tried to apply the method of photoelastic physical simulation to the study of paleotemperature fields. The photoelastic physical simulation experiment is an effective method to directly observe and measure the internal stress state and characteristics of the object under the external force under the laboratory conditions, and the maximum principal stress direction, the principal stress trajectory and the stress level distribution map can be obtained. The similar theories, devices, materials and methods of photoelastic physics simulation experiment are introduced. Taking the paleo-physical simulation experiment of the paleotropical stress field of the Sanzhao Sag and the Chaoyanggou terrace in the northern Songliao Basin as an example, the experimental results are shown. The physical and kinetic analysis of the experimental results are summarized as follows: ① There is a time asynchronous between the rock strain caused by the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation and the paleotropical stress, and the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation lags behind that of the tectonic deformation; ② The direction and intensity of maximum principal stress control the distribution of stress concentration zone and high potential energy in inhomogeneous medium. ③ The angle between the direction of maximum principal stress and the fault system is less than 90 °. The direction of minimum principal stress and fault The direction of stress migration is probably parallel to the direction of migration; (4) The stress trajectory may describe the geometric relationship between stress transfer direction and hydrocarbon migration direction. evidence. Through physical simulation experiments to quantitatively study the paleotropical stress field,