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本文论述了细菌(生物)成因气、热成因气、深层气和非生物成因气的形成机制和它们的耦合与差异;评述了非生物成因天然气的研究历史和发展态势,指出迄今在国际上因未发现任何具非生物成因特征的商业气藏,而认为非生物成因天然气不具有资源前景是一种错误结论。本文并讨论了地球深部有机质演化的关键科学问题和判识天然气成因类型地球化学指标的有效性,指出:沉积有机质受生物降解、热降解作用的同位素动力学分馏效应的制约,有机成因烷烃气体(甲烷、乙烷、丙烷和丁烷)的碳氢同位素δ13C值和δ2H值分布均呈正序分布,即:δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13C3<δ13C4和δ2HCH4<δ2HC2H6<δ2HC3H8<δ2HC4H10,二者具有正相关关系;非生物成因天然气受聚合作用同位素动力学分馏效应的制约,其烷烃气体的碳氢同位素分布则不同于前者,δ13C值呈反序分布δ13C1>δ13C2>δ13C3>δ13C4,而δ2H值呈正序分布δ2HCH4<δ2HC2H6<δ2HC3H8<δ2HC4H10,二者具有负相关关系;而且非生物成因甲烷的δ13C1≥-30.0‰。此外,本文评述了中国非生物成因天然气研究所取得的重要进展,论述了松辽盆地非生物成因天然气的地质地球化学特征,指出松辽盆地昌德肇州西非生物成因天然气藏的发现,为研究和寻找非生物成因天然气资源提供了典型实例;并指出伴随松辽盆地深层气勘探的重大突破,以及近20口商业天然气井非生物成因特征的确定,展现了松辽盆地非生物成因天然气勘探开发的良好前景,使松辽盆地成为世界上研究和寻找非生物成因天然气资源最理想的地区。
In this paper, the formation mechanisms of bacterial (organism) genetic gas, thermogenic gas, deep gas and abiotic gas and their coupling and differences are discussed. The research history and development trend of non-biogenic natural gas are reviewed. No commercial gas reservoir characterized by non-biological origin was found, and it is a wrong conclusion that non-biogenic natural gas does not have the resource prospects. In this paper, we discuss the key scientific problems of the evolution of deep organic matter in the Earth and the effectiveness of geochemical indicators for identifying genetic types of natural gas. It is pointed out that the depositional organic matter is constrained by the isotope kinetic fractionation effect of biodegradation and thermal degradation, Methane, ethane, propane and butane) showed a positive correlation between δ13C values and δ2H values, ie, δ13C1 <δ13C2 <δ13C3 <δ13C4 and δ2HCH4 <δ2HC2H6 <δ2HC3H8 <δ2HC4H10. The non-biogenic natural gas is constrained by the fractionation effect of polymerization kinetic isotopes. The hydrocarbon isotope distribution of alkane gas is different from that of the former. The δ13C values show a reverse order distribution δ13C1> δ13C2> δ13C3> δ13C4, while the δ2H values show a positive sequence distribution δ2HCH4 < δ2HC2H6 <δ2HC3H8 <δ2HC4H10, with a negative correlation between δ13C1 and δ13C1≥-30.0 ‰. In addition, the paper reviews the important progress made in the study of non-biogenic natural gas in China, discusses the geo-geochemical characteristics of non-biogenic natural gas in the Songliao Basin, and points out the discovery of biogenic natural gas reservoirs in Western Changzhou, And provides a typical example for searching for non-biogenic natural gas resources. It also points out that with the breakthrough of deep gas exploration in the Songliao Basin and the determination of non-biogenic characteristics of nearly 20 commercial natural gas wells, it is pointed out that non-biogenic natural gas exploration and development in the Songliao Basin The Songliao Basin has become the best place in the world to study and find non-biological gas resources.