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针对埃及尼罗河三角洲地区传统灌溉方式存在的水分利用效率低、产量低和农户增收困难等问题,通过田间试验探索该地区玉米种植适宜的灌溉施肥模式。大田试验于2012年和2013年在埃及苏伊士运河大学试验基地进行,共设置滴灌(D)、涌泉细流沟灌(B)、传统沟灌(F)3个灌溉方式和施无机肥(C)、液态有机肥(O)2个施肥种类,共6个处理。试验研究了水肥互作对玉米叶面积指数(LAI)、地上生物量(ADM)、产量构成要素、经济产量、水分利用效率(WUE)和经济效益的影响。结果表明:抽雄期以后,灌溉方式和施肥种类对玉米LAI和ADM的影响均有显著差异(P<0.05),其中OD处理的LAI和ADM均处最高水平。两种施肥条件下,D、B和F 3种灌溉方式对玉米产量和WUE的影响均表现为:B>D>F。不同灌水条件下,O处理比C处理玉米产量提高18.6%~24.4%,WUE提高18.7%~23.4%。CB处理玉米的年均净效益最高,达7 373元/hm2,但与CF处理差异不显著。CB处理(即涌泉细流沟灌技术与施无机肥结合)是埃及尼罗河三角洲玉米最佳种植模式。
In view of the problems of low water use efficiency, low yield and increasing income of farmers in the traditional irrigation methods in the Nile Delta region of Egypt, field experiments were conducted to explore suitable fertilization models for maize planting in the area. Daejeon experimentation was conducted at the Suez Canal University Experimental Base in Egypt in 2012 and 2013. Drip irrigation (D), Yongquan trickling irrigation (B), traditional furrow irrigation (F) irrigation and fertilizers (C) Liquid organic fertilizer (O) 2 fertilizer types, a total of 6 treatment. The effects of water and fertilizer interaction on the leaf area index (LAI), aboveground biomass (ADM), yield components, economic yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and economic benefits were studied. The results showed that after the tasseling stage, the effects of different irrigation methods and fertilization types on the LAI and ADM of maize were significantly different (P <0.05), and the highest LAI and ADM of OD treatment were all at the highest level. Under the two fertilization conditions, the effects of D, B and F irrigation on corn yield and WUE were as follows: B> D> F. Under different irrigation conditions, the yield of O treatment increased 18.6% -24.4% and WUE increased 18.7% -23.4% than that of C treatment. The annual average net benefit of CB treatment was the highest, reaching 7 373 Yuan / hm2, but not significantly different from that of CF treatment. CB treatment (that is, Yongquan trickle irrigation and fertilizer application combined with inorganic fertilizers) is the best planting pattern of maize in the Nile Delta in Egypt.