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目的了解北京市小学生传染病防治知识、行为以及获取知识的途径,为学校开展有针对性的传染病防治工作提供参考。方法采用两阶段分层整群抽样的方法,对北京市18个区县40所小学4 052名小学生,开展传染病防治知识、行为以及知识获取途径的问卷调查。结果小学生传染病相关知识知晓率在36.0%~90.6%之间,平均为65.7%;城区学生大部分题目知晓率高于郊区学生,女生高于男生,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。在传染病相关行为方面,“从来不”与他人共用毛巾的学生比例为70.1%。吃东西前、上完厕所后、外出回家后,能做到每次都洗手的比例分别为73.1%,77.0%和62.8%;能够选择用流动水和肥皂/洗手液洗的比例为65.9%;在3种情况下均能做到每次都洗手且能用正确方法洗的比例仅为35.9%。小学生获得传染病知识的前3位途径分别为家长、教师和医生;喜欢获得传染病知识的前3位途径为观看电视节目、课堂教学和观看多媒体录像。结论北京市小学生传染病相关知识的知晓率有待提高,与传染病相关的部分行为也需加强教育。学校教育是小学生获取健康知识的最佳途径。
Objective To understand the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in primary school students in Beijing knowledge, behavior and access to knowledge for the school to carry out targeted prevention and treatment of infectious diseases provide a reference. Methods A two-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 4 052 primary school students in 40 primary schools in 18 districts and counties in Beijing to find out ways of knowledge, behavior and knowledge acquisition of infectious disease prevention. Results The awareness rate of primary school students’ knowledge about infectious diseases ranged from 36.0% to 90.6% with an average of 65.7%. The awareness rate of most subjects in urban areas was higher than that of suburban students and girls were higher than boys (P < 0.05). In relation to communicable diseases, the percentage of students who never shared a towel with others was 70.1%. Before going to eat, after going to the toilet, after going home, the ratio of washing hands can be 73.1%, 77.0% and 62.8% respectively; the ratio of washing with mobile water and soap / hand soap can be chosen as 65.9% In all three cases, only 35.9% of the time they were hand-washed and correctly washed. The first three ways in which primary school students acquire knowledge of infectious diseases are parents, teachers and doctors. The first three ways to gain knowledge of infectious diseases are to watch TV programs, teach classes and watch multimedia videos. Conclusion The awareness rate of infectious diseases among primary school students in Beijing needs to be improved, and some behaviors related to infectious diseases need to be strengthened. School education is the best way for primary school children to acquire health knowledge.