一、前言在世界上主要的古代文明之中,玛雅文化与中国古代文化的关系是很特殊的。自十八世纪中叶起,诸多西方学者和东方学者就这两个文化的关系展开了持久的讨论。笔者把到目前为止的所有讨论归为两类:第一类讨论围绕两文化的外部联系展开,所争执的问题是:在古代中国和玛雅文化之间究竟是否存在直接的文化传播事实,第二类讨论着眼于文化的内部,研讨的主题是两文化内部 I. Foreword Among the major ancient civilizations in the world, the relationship between Maya culture and ancient Chinese culture is very special. Since the middle of the eighteenth century, many Western scholars and orient scholars have held lasting discussions on the relationship between these two cultures. The author classifies all the discussion so far into two categories. The first type of discussion centers on the external relations between the two cultures. The questions to be quarreled are: Is there any direct cultural communication between ancient China and Mayan culture? Class discussion focused on the internal culture, the theme of the two cultures within