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本文评述了一些国家近年来关于碳衬高炉炉缸内传热的研究结果,并指出了存在的若干问题。炉缸内诸耐火衬料的导热性、所占的比例及分布情况、冷却情况以及炉底结块等等对炉底温度分布和热损失的影响在本文内均作了全面深入的评述。文内指出:全粘土砖炉底的周围逐渐用碳砖来取代后,炉底的温度则逐渐降低,而此碳砖衬料则具有“过渡的”冷却作用;碳砖衬料导热性高的好处也就在于此。这种“过渡的”冷却作用有其一定的有效范围。文内还指出:最内层衬料的导热性愈低,愈靠外层的衬料的导热性愈大,均使炉底的温度变低;这是炉缸传热问题中的一项极重要的原则。由此可知:碳砖衬料的过渡冷却作用,只当其不作为最内层的衬料时才能呈现,同时炉底若装有一层导热性较高的夹层(象石墨夹层),则此夹层就具有底冷的作用。文内指出减少热损失的新途径就是炉缸最内层材料的导热性愈小愈好。文内提出了一个新的冷却法——级联冷却法;这就是在炉底用几层衬料,愈靠外面的一层,其导热性愈大。文内指出了现有热模型试验的最大缺点及改进办法。此缺点就是现有热模型试验没有考虑实际上形成的炉底结块的重大影响。文内还指出:传热与炉缸内外径及其衬料厚度之间的关系应该研究;衬料的导热性对传热的影响以及碳衬石墨化等问题也应进一步研究。
This paper reviews the research results of heat transfer in carbon lining blast furnaces in some countries in recent years and points out some existing problems. The thermal conductivity of the refractory lining in the hearth, its proportion and distribution, the cooling situation and the influence of the bottom of the furnace on the temperature distribution and heat loss in the furnace bottom are all comprehensively reviewed in this paper. The article pointed out that: after the whole clay brick bottom gradually replaced by carbon brick, the bottom of the furnace temperature is gradually reduced, while the carbon brick lining has a “transitional” cooling effect; high thermal conductivity of carbon brick lining Here is the benefit. This “transitional” cooling has its own effective range. The article also pointed out that: the innermost lining of the lower thermal conductivity, the outer lining of the lining of the greater thermal conductivity, lower the temperature of the bottom of the furnace; This is the hearth heat transfer problem of a pole Important principle. It can be seen: the transitional cooling of the brick lining material only when it is not as the lining of the innermost layer can be presented at the same time, if the furnace floor is equipped with a layer of high thermal conductivity (such as graphite sandwich), then the sandwich It has the end of the role of cold. The article points out that a new way to reduce heat loss is to reduce the thermal conductivity of the innermost layer of the hearth. This paper presents a new cooling method - cascade cooling method; this is the bottom of the furnace with several linings, the more the outer layer, the greater the thermal conductivity. The paper points out the biggest shortcomings of the existing thermal model test and improvement measures. The disadvantage is that the existing thermal model tests do not consider the significant effect of the virtually formed hearth caking. The article also pointed out that the relationship between heat transfer and the inner and outer diameter of the hearth and the thickness of the lining should be studied. The influence of the thermal conductivity of the lining on the heat transfer and the carbonized graphite should also be further studied.