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应用激光雷达技术探测近地面大气无组织颗粒物具有重要的理论和应用价值。将激光雷达技术应用于探测城市建筑工地扬尘,利用建筑外墙进行激光雷达信号的相对标定,然后根据激光雷达方程求解沿光学路径的扬尘颗粒物消光系数,通过程控扫描台获取多条路径上的消光系数分布,并结合质量消光效率因子得到二维质量浓度分布情况。结果表明,基于扫描平台的微脉冲雷达系统可以快速获取建筑扬尘二维分布和随时间变化情况,结合粒径谱和风速风向信息进一步得到重型车和小型施工车辆的PM10排放因子分别为8.99×103 g/km和1.75×103 g/km;重型车和小型施工车辆的PM2.5排放因子分别为4.57×102 g/km和8.91×101 g/km。该方法为城市扬尘快速实时监测提供了一种新思路。
Application of laser radar technology to detect near-surface airborne particles has important theoretical and practical value. Lidar technology is applied to detect dust in urban construction sites and the relative demarcation of laser radar signals by building external walls. Then the extinction coefficient of dust particles along the optical path is solved by laser radar equation, and the extinction coefficient Coefficient distribution, combined with the quality extinction efficiency factor to get two-dimensional mass concentration distribution. The results show that the micro-pulse radar system based on scanning platform can quickly obtain the two-dimensional distribution of building dust and the variation with time. Combined with the particle size spectrum and wind speed and wind direction information, PM10 emission factors of heavy vehicles and small vehicles are 8.99 × 103 g / km and 1.75 × 103 g / km respectively. PM2.5 emission factors of heavy vehicles and small vehicles were 4.57 × 102 g / km and 8.91 × 101 g / km, respectively. The method provides a new idea for rapid real-time monitoring of urban dust.