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目的:考查汶川地震6个月后都江堰地区青少年的PTSD、焦虑、抑郁的检出率及人群特点,并探究其影响因素。方法:分层整群取样,用创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PTSD-SS)、儿童焦虑性情绪筛查量表(SCARED)、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)、青少年社会支持量表(SSRS-CA)评估都江堰地区初一至高一学生1925名。结果:震后6个月都江堰地区青少年的PTSD、焦虑、抑郁检出率分别为15.9%、40.8%和24.4%;女孩(OR=2.03-2.70)、青春后期(OR=1.71-2.12)、地震中有亲人伤亡(OR=1.45-2.41)是PTSD、焦虑、抑郁的共同危险因素,非独生子女是焦虑的危险因素(OR=1.72),大量目睹惨烈场景(OR=1.39-2.18)是PTSD和抑郁的危险因素;主观社会支持(OR=0.88-0.95)和对支持的利用度(OR=0.74-0.88)是PTSD、焦虑、抑郁共同的保护性因素。结论:震后6个月都江堰地区青少年存在较多的心理问题;指导青少年发现、建构、维护、寻求和利用社会支持资源对于促进其创伤修复和心理健康有重要意义。
Objective: To investigate the detection rate of PTSD, anxiety and depression in Dujiangyan area and its population characteristics after 6 months of Wenchuan earthquake and to explore the influencing factors. Methods: Stratified cluster sampling was performed with PTSD-SS, SCARED, DSRSC, social support for adolescents Scale (SSRS-CA) to assess the Dujiangyan area 1919 first-year high school students. Results: The detection rates of PTSD, anxiety and depression among adolescents in Dujiangyan were 6 months after earthquake were 15.9%, 40.8% and 24.4% respectively; girls (OR 2.03-2.70), late adolescence (OR = 1.71-2.12) (OR = 1.45-2.41) were the common risk factors of PTSD, anxiety and depression. Non-one-child children were the risk factors for anxiety (OR = 1.72). A large number of witnessing the severe scene (OR = 1.39-2.18) The risk factors of depression were subjective social support (OR = 0.88-0.95) and supportive utilization (OR = 0.74-0.88), which were common protective factors of PTSD, anxiety and depression. Conclusion: There are more psychological problems among young people in Dujiangyan area in the 6 months after the earthquake. It is of great significance to guide young people to discover, construct, maintain, seek and utilize social support resources to promote their trauma repair and mental health.