中国的国营渔业,是在完成对资本主义工商业改造的过程中建立发展起来的。几十年来,生产蓬勃发展,已成为社会主义渔业经济的主体,成为渔业生产的主力军和带头人。然而自60年代后期,大、小黄鱼、带鱼、乌贼四大传统渔业已得到充分利用。而随着生产力水平的不断提高,生产规模的扩大,从70年代中期后,传统渔业进入了过度开发阶段。由于盲目发展马力,缺少必要的渔业法规,生产过于集中于捕捞底层高值鱼,从而使得目前渔业生产从总体上看已超越了资源在传统的高营养阶层条件下生态平衡所可能承受的能力,因而出现了经济鱼类资源的严重衰退,甚至濒临枯竭。另外,由于保护区的设立和扩大,使得国营渔轮在近海很难形成规模生产,国营渔业面临严峻的挑战,出路何在?这是我们大家所关心的。本文试图就此浅析一点自己的认识。 China’s state-owned fisheries were developed and established in the process of completing the transformation of capitalist industry and commerce. For decades, the vigorous development of production has become the mainstay of the socialist fishing economy and has become the main force and leader in fishery production. However, since the late 1960s, the four traditional big and small yellow croaker, octopus and squid fisheries have been fully utilized. With the continuous improvement of productivity and the expansion of production scale, the traditional fishery has entered an over-exploitation stage since the mid-1970s. Due to the blind development of horsepower, the lack of necessary fishery laws and regulations and the production of fish that are too focused on the fishing of high-value fish at the bottom, the current fishery production as a whole has surpassed the resource’s ability to withstand the ecological balance under the traditional conditions of high-level nutrition. As a result, a serious recession in economic fish stocks occurred and was even on the verge of depletion. In addition, since the establishment and expansion of the reserve have made it difficult for State-owned fishing vessels to scale-up to scale offshore, the state-owned fishing industry is facing a serious challenge. What is the way out? This is what we all care about. This article attempts to analyze some of my own understanding.