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微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一种长度约为22 nt的非编码RNA,它们通过miRNA介导的特异性的基因沉默导致靶mRNA降解及抑制蛋白质的合成调控转录后基因表达水平。miRNA对细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡有重要的调节作用,在正常组织和肿瘤组织中的表达显著不同,参与了肿瘤的发生、发展。本文主要讨论miRNA在肿瘤方面的研究进展。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs about 22 nt in length. Their specific gene silencing mediated by miRNAs leads to the degradation of target mRNAs and the inhibition of protein synthesis and regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression. MiRNAs play an important regulatory role in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and are significantly different in normal tissues and tumor tissues, and are involved in the occurrence and development of tumors. This article focuses on the miRNA in tumor research progress.