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园林是一种大型工艺品,具有可居可行的实用价值和可观可游的审美价值.黑格尔深刻地称之为“不完备的艺术”,就是因为它没有脱离实用性、物质性.俗语所谓“上有天堂,下有苏杭”,这在某种程度上是因为苏州有众多巧夺天工的园林,杭州濒临丰姿绰约的西湖.天堂是人们想象中的园林,园林是人世间的天堂.翻阅《旧约》、《古兰经》和佛教经典可知,世界三大宗教所描述的乐园、天国、极乐世界,其情景几乎完全一致,都少不了树木、果实、河流、池沼,或者再加上堂皇的楼台、明丽的道路——这正是一座园林的基本构成内容.园林堪称为人们理想生活的场所,感到遗憾的是不能在这人造天堂里长生不老,或进入涅槃境界,只能享受此岸的现世的欢乐.无论中西,它是供人玩赏的艺术空间,是真、善、美三位一体的自然与人工参半的活动天地.但是,自古以来,中西园林在结构、手法、风格等方面都存在着明显的差异.本质的区别在于,中国园林摹拟自然,“宛自天开”(明·计成《园治》),西方园林突出人工,规整划一.具体表现如下:
Garden is a kind of large-scale handicraft, which has practical value and practical aesthetic value. Hegel profoundly calls it “incomplete art” because it does not deviate from practicality and materiality. “There is heaven above it, and Suzhou and Hangzhou under it.” This is in part because Suzhou has many wonderful gardens and Hangzhou is in the West Lake. Fengtian is a garden that people imagine. Garden is a heaven in the world. The Old Testament, the Qur’an, and the Buddhist classics show that the paradise, heaven, and bliss described by the world’s three major religions are almost identical in their scenes. There are trees, fruits, rivers, and ponds, or grand towers. The road of Mingli - this is exactly the basic composition of a garden. The garden can be called a place for people’s ideal life. It is a pity that we cannot live forever in this artificial paradise, or enter the realm of nirvana, we can only enjoy the present world of this shore. Joy, regardless of China and the West, it is an artistic space for people to enjoy. It is a natural, artificial, and artificial activity that is a trinity of truth, goodness, and beauty. However, since ancient times, the Chinese and Western Parks There are obvious differences in structure, style, style and other aspects. The essential difference is that the Chinese gardens are intended to be natural, “every day is open” (Ming Jicheng’s “Garden Governance”), and the Western gardens are artificial and regular. as follows: