一 众所周知,茶山丁若镛(1762—1836)是集实学之大成的朝鲜朝后期的学者。他在政治、经济、历史、地理、文学、哲学、医学、教育学、军事学、自然科学等各个学术领域里,留下了庞大的著作,多达500多卷。由于学问知识深广,这些著作至今仍是我们的古典宝藏。茶山的著作成为我们所关心的对象,是因为他的思考基于当时的民族现实。 他所处的18世纪后期和19世纪初是朝鲜朝封建社会解体期,到处都显露出弊病。特别是经过壬辰倭乱和丙子胡乱后的朝鲜朝社会,为弥补因战乱已枯竭的国家财政而增加税收,由此引发官吏恣行无忌欺压百姓。这正是所谓的“三政紊乱”、地方官吏不正之风蔓延时期。 It is well-known that Dasan Dingruo (1762-1836) was a late Korean scholar who had made a great deal of real learning. He has left over 500 volumes in various academic fields such as politics, economics, history, geography, literature, philosophy, medicine, education, military science and natural sciences. Due to their profound knowledge, these books are still our classical treasures today. Dasan’s writings are the object of our concern because his thinking is based on the national reality of the time. He was in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century as the dissolution of the feudal society in North Korea. There were manifestations of ills everywhere. In particular, North Korea’s society after the Imjin Wajima period and the Iraqi Irish Progression period increased taxes for making up for the state finances that had been depleted by the war, thereby causing officials to unbridledly bully people. This is exactly the so-called “turmoil in the three governing systems” and the period of unhealthy tendencies of local officials.