铅、镉都是有毒金属。铅属全身性毒物,它对造血器官,神经系统和男性生殖系统、肾脏相对危害最大,还能损伤胎儿、胃肠道、心血管、免疫与内分泌系统。儿童受到低剂量暴露会导致智力下降,行为异常。镉在人体内可引起多种毒性反应,是著名的公害病“骨痛病”的病因。长期低剂量的镉接触,将导致贫血、骨损害、肝损伤,以及肾小管重吸收功能损伤等。随着工业的发展,排入环境的铅、镉、通过空气、水、食物、烟草、饮料等途径进入人 Lead, cadmium are toxic metals. Lead is a systemic poison, which has the highest relative risk to hematopoietic organs, nervous system, male reproductive system and kidneys, as well as fetal, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, immune and endocrine systems. Children exposed to low doses can lead to mental decline, abnormal behavior. Cadmium in the human body can cause a variety of toxic reactions, is well-known public nuisance disease “bone pain disease” etiology. Long-term, low-dose exposure to cadmium causes anemia, bone damage, liver damage, and tubular reabsorption dysfunction. With industrial development, lead into the environment, cadmium, through the air, water, food, tobacco, beverages and other means of access