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公债是国家以信用方式吸收巨额款项的一种形式。在国内发行的是内债,在国外借款是外债,它是资本主义生产关系和社会政治发展的产物。公债最早出现于中世纪后期的热那亚和威尼斯。在我国,外债比内债出现的早一些,单就内债言,最早在清末甲午战争前夕,当时,“海防吃紧,需饷浩繁”,为了给行将爆发的战争筹借费用,清政府以息借商款的形式发行了我国第一次国内公债。此次公债没有明确数额,实发1102万两,月息7厘。四年后,即1898年戊戌维新期
Bonds is a form of state that absorbs huge sums of money by credit. Issued in the country is a domestic debt, foreign debt is foreign debt, it is the product of capitalist relations of production and social and political development. Debts first appeared in Genoa and Venice in the late Middle Ages. In our country, the foreign debts occurred earlier than the domestic debts. As soon as the debts were written within the country, the earliest was the eve of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-12. At that time, “the defense of Haiphong was tight and required a great deal of money.” In order to raise funds for the upcoming war, The issue of China’s first domestic bond. The public debt is not a clear amount, real hair 11.02 million, monthly interest 7%. Four years later, the 1898 Reform Movement