兰克倡导的“如实直书”治史原则被奉为客观主义史学的经典教条。“如实直书”强调历史是怎样发生的就怎样叙述,在书中消灭自我,力求祛魅。但是由于客观条件和主观因素的限制,史学家又不可避免地趋于返魅。尽管如此,“如实直书”原则仍不失为一切严肃正直的历史学家追求的理想境界。 The principle of governing history advocated by Rank is regarded as the classic dogma of objectivist historiography. “Straightforward book ” emphasizes how history is how to describe, eliminate self in the book, and strive to disenchantment. However, due to the objective conditions and the subjective factors, historians inevitably tend to return charm. In spite of this, the principle of “truthfulness and straightforwardness” remains an ideal state sought after by all serious and honest historians.