目的:了解人工流产妇女避孕知识及避孕方法使用现状。方法:对本院519例接受人工流产妇女进行横断面问卷调查。结果:64.9%的妇女本次妊娠是由于未采取避孕措施;35.1%的妇女本次妊娠是由于避孕失败。本次研究中,避孕套(92.7%)和避孕药(90.1%)的知晓率最高,知道避孕套如何正确使用的比率也最高(81.9%)。而避孕膜的知晓率(7.9%)和正确使用率(2.3%)均最低。在168例因避孕失败而导致本次妊娠的育龄女性中,最常用的避孕方法依次是避孕套(41.1%)、避孕药(19.1%)、紧急避孕药(14.3%)、安全期避孕(13.1%)。调查显示:婚姻状况、性伴学历、文化程度、职业、收入因素都对人工流产妇女的避孕知识和既往避孕行为产生不同程度的影响。结论:人工流产妇女对避孕知识的认知程度较低,对很多避孕方法的正确使用也知之甚少,应加强避孕知识的宣传教育,尤其是文化层次较低者和学生中,提高对意外妊娠风险的认识。 OBJECTIVE: To understand the contraceptive knowledge and contraception methods of abortion women. Methods: 519 cases of abortion women in our hospital were surveyed by cross-sectional questionnaire. Results: 64.9% of women did not take contraception because of this pregnancy; 35.1% of women were pregnant because of contraceptive failure. Condoms (92.7%) and contraceptives (90.1%) had the highest awareness rate in this study, and also knew that condoms had the highest rate of correct use (81.9%). The contraceptive awareness (7.9%) and the correct use rate (2.3%) were the lowest. Among the 168 women of childbearing age who had this pregnancy due to failure of contraception, condoms (41.1%), contraceptives (19.1%), emergency contraception (14.3%), and contraception during pregnancy %). The survey shows that marital status, sexual partners’ educational level, educational level, occupation and income have different effects on the contraception knowledge and previous contraception of abortion women. CONCLUSIONS: Abortion women have a low awareness of contraception and little is known about the correct use of many contraception methods. Publicity and education on contraception should be strengthened, especially for those with lower education levels and students, Risk awareness.