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十三至十四世纪约两百年间,萨摩亚②附近岛屿的波利尼西亚人(毛利人),几次大批涌向新西兰定居,成为新西兰的最早移民。从考古和传统方面看,这之前新西兰已有居民,被称为毛利“仙人”。不过,在历史上,新西兰居民的远祖似源于所谓的七条“独木舟”,七个主要部落亦因此得名。以阿里基(酋长)和托杭加(牧师)为中心,形成了强大的部落组织。没有“国家”,王室从属于哈普(家族)和部落。部落之间征战频繁。土地通过征伐和强占夺取,归全体部落和从属部落所有。部落成员有权领有土
About two hundred years from the thirteenth to the fourteenth century, the Polynesians (Maori) in nearby Samoa ② flocked to New Zealand in large numbers to settle and became the earliest immigrants in New Zealand. Archeologically and traditionally, there were already residents of New Zealand before, known as Maori “immortals.” However, historically, the ancestors of New Zealand residents derive their name from the so-called seven “canoes”, hence the names of the seven major tribes. Ariki (Chief) and Toh Hanga (Pastor) as the center, formed a strong tribal organizations. Without “state,” the royal family is subordinate to Hap (family) and tribe. Horde frequently battle. The land is acquired through conquest and seizure and belongs to all the tribes and subordinate tribes. Tribal members have the right to own the soil