[目的]探讨尘肺患者周围血1,25-二羟维生素D_3[1,25-(OH)_2D_3]水平和肺纤维化相关细胞因子水平以及它们之间的相互关系。[方法]选取某矿务集团职业病防治院2015年4—5月期间就诊的男性尘肺患者43人为观察组,其中尘肺壹期28人,尘肺贰期15人;选取同期27名男性未接尘健康体检者为对照组。收集两组对象的一般信息,采集晨起空腹周围血制备血清,采用电化学发光法检测周围血1,25-(OH)_2D_3水平,采用双抗夹心ELISA法检测两组周围血转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、白介素4(IL-4)、γ干扰素(INF-γ)水平。采用单因素方差分析检验其组间差异,多组间两两比较则采用SNK检验;相关性检验采用Pearson相关分析。[结果]对照组周围血1,25-(OH)_2D_3水平为(22.16±5.71)μg/L,尘肺壹期组为(13.11±4.01)μg/L,尘肺贰期组为(9.96±3.18)μg/L;与对照组相比,尘肺患者周围血1,25-(OH)_2D_3水平降低,且随着尘肺期别升高而降低(P<0.01)。对照组周围血TGF-β1水平为(25.59±6.12)μg/L,尘肺壹期组为(39.20±6.32)μg/L,贰期组(50.90±5.97)μg/L;与对照组相比,尘肺患者周围血TGF-β1水平升高,且随着尘肺期别升高而升高(P<0.01)。对照组周围血IL-4水平为(25.03±3.79)ng/L,尘肺壹期组为(32.67±5.32)ng/L,尘肺贰期组为(37.52±5.71)ng/L;与对照组相比,尘肺患者周围血IL-4水平随着尘肺期别升高而升高(P<0.01)。对照组周围血INF-γ水平为(32.53±6.50)ng/L,尘肺壹期组为(16.64±4.06)ng/L,尘肺贰期组(13.70±2.98)ng/L;与对照组相比,尘肺患者周围血INF-γ水平降低(P<0.01);但尘肺壹期与贰期之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。尘肺患者周围血1,25-(OH)_2D_3水平与INF-γ水平呈正相关(r=0.944,P<0.05),与TGF-β1及IL-4水平呈负相关(r分别为-0.814,-0.937,均P<0.05)。[结论]尘肺患者周围血1,25-(OH)2D_3水平与肺纤维化相关细胞因子的表达水平相关联,可能与尘肺发病相关。 [Objective] To investigate the relationship between the levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D_3 [1,25- (OH) _2D_3] and the levels of pulmonary fibrosis-related cytokines in peripheral blood of patients with pneumoconiosis and their relationship. [Methods] A total of 43 male pneumoconiosis patients from April to May 2015 in a mining group occupational disease prevention and treatment hospital were selected as the observation group, including 28 pneumoconiosis patients and 15 pneumoconiosis patients. 27 male patients without pneumoconiosis Physical examination for the control group. The general information of two groups of subjects was collected and the fasting peripheral blood was collected to prepare serum. The levels of 1,25- (OH) _2D_3 in peripheral blood were detected by electrochemiluminescence method. The levels of peripheral blood transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (INF-γ). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the differences between groups. The SNK test was used to compare the results of multiple groups and Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the correlation. [Results] The level of 1,25- (OH) _2D_3 in the control group was (22.16 ± 5.71) μg / L, that in the first stage of pneumoconiosis was (13.11 ± 4.01) μg / L and that in the second stage of pneumoconiosis was (9.96 ± 3.18) μg / L. Compared with the control group, the levels of 1,25- (OH) _2D_3 in peripheral blood of patients with pneumoconiosis decreased, and decreased with the increase of pneumoconiosis (P <0.01). The level of TGF-β1 in the peripheral blood of the control group was (25.59 ± 6.12) μg / L, that of the pneumoconiosis group (39.20 ± 6.32) μg / L and that of the second stage group (50.90 ± 5.97) μg / L, Peripheral blood TGF-β1 levels increased in patients with pneumoconiosis and increased with the pneumoconiosis stage (P <0.01). The levels of IL-4 in the peripheral blood of the control group were (25.03 ± 3.79) ng / L, (32.67 ± 5.32) ng / L in the first stage of pneumoconiosis group and (37.52 ± 5.71) ng / L in the second stage of pneumoconiosis group. The levels of IL-4 in peripheral blood of patients with pneumoconiosis increased with the pneumoconiosis stage (P <0.01). The level of INF-γ in the peripheral blood of the control group was (32.53 ± 6.50) ng / L, that of the pneumoconiosis group was (16.64 ± 4.06) ng / L and that of the pneumoconiosis group (13.70 ± 2.98) ng / L, (P <0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the first stage and the second stage of pneumoconiosis (P> 0.05). The levels of 1,25- (OH) _2D_3 in peripheral blood of patients with pneumoconiosis were positively correlated with the level of INF-γ (r = 0.944, P <0.05) and negatively correlated with the levels of TGF-β1 and IL-4 0.937, all P <0.05). [Conclusion] The levels of 1,25- (OH) 2D_3 in peripheral blood of patients with pneumoconiosis correlate with the expression of cytokines related to pulmonary fibrosis, which may be related to the pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis.