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利用淀粉粒分析方法,对安徽濉溪石山子遗址(约7000aB.P.,33°51’N、116°49’E)出土的5件石磨盘和5件石磨棒表面附着残留物进行了研究。结果表明,这批石器表面残留物中包含了种类丰富的植物淀粉粒,其可能的植物种属来源至少有8类,包括薏苡(Coix lacryma-jobi)、小麦族(Triticeae)、山药(Dioscorea opposita)、莲藕(Nelumbo nucifera)、莲子(Nelumbo nucifera)、豇豆属(Vigna)、燕麦属(Avena)和姜科(Zingiberaceae)等,此外还有一部分未知种属的疑似禾本科植物的淀粉粒。统计结果显示,来自薏苡、小麦族以及疑似禾本科植物的淀粉粒无论是绝对数量还是在器物表面的出现频次都远高于其他植物种属的淀粉粒,应为这批石器的主要加工对象,此外,来自山药、莲藕等块根块茎类植物的淀粉粒,其数量和出现频次也较高。石山子遗址出土石磨盘、石磨棒表面残留物中淀粉粒组成的多样性表明了这些石质工具加工食物种类的多样性和古人类植物性食物资源组成的多样性,同时,从观察到的淀粉粒植物种属来源来看,石山子遗址先民的生业模式似仍以采集经济为主,其农业经济的发展则相对滞后,这一特点的形成可能与该遗址所处的地理位置及自然环境有较大关系。研究结果为探索新石器时代中期淮河中游地区古人类对植物资源利用以及当时的农业发展状况等问题提供了新的科学依据。
By using the method of starch grain analysis, five stone disks excavated from the Shishanzi site, about 7000aB.P., 33 ° 51’N and 116 ° 49’E, in Anhui Province, and the residues attached to the surface of five stone rods were studied . The results showed that the surface residues of these stone tools contained a wide variety of plant starch grains, with at least eight possible plant species origins including Coix lacryma-jobi, Triticeae, Dioscorea opposita , Nelumbo nucifera, Nelumbo nucifera, Vigna, Avena and Zingiberaceae, as well as some of the starch grains of suspected gramineous plants of unknown species. The statistical results show that the starch grains from Coix, Triticum aestivum and the suspected gramineous plants are either the absolute quantity or the appearance frequency of the surface of the plants are much higher than the starch grains of other plant species should be the main processing objects of these stone tools, In addition, from the yam, lotus roots and other tubers tuber, the number and frequency of occurrence is also higher. The diversity of the starch granules in the stone disks unearthed at the Shishanzi site and the residues on the surface of the stone sticks indicates the diversity of the processed foodstuffs and the diversity of ancient human plant foodstuffs resources. At the same time, According to the sources of starch plants, the ancestral mode of production of the ancestors of Shishanzi remains dominated by the acquisition of agriculture and the development of agricultural economy lags behind. The formation of this feature may be related to the geographical location of the site and The natural environment has a greater relationship. The results provide new scientific evidences for exploring the use of plant resources by the ancient humans in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River in the mid-Neolithic period and the then agricultural development.