一、肾移植的概况自1955年美国Merrill,Murray应用同卵孪生兄弟的肾脏进行同种异体肾移植,取得长期存活后,肾移植即迅速得到推广。1971年全世界已成立21个肾移植中心,1975年世界第12次移植会议宣布已做22,690例,70％是尸体供肾,1977年已有40,000例,1984年已达60,000例,且以每年10,000例的速度增长。国际上已将器官移植列为治疗某些严重脏器病变的有效手段,心脏、肝脏、肾脏、胰腺、骨髓.血管、角膜移植等均已有一定数量的报道。目前,许多国家已先后成立器官移植中心,它们有可能 First, the overview of kidney transplantation Since 1955 United States Merrill, Murray use the same twin sibling kidney allograft, long-term survival, the kidney transplant is rapidly being promoted. Twenty-one kidney transplant centers have been established in the world in 1971. At the Twelfth Transplant Conference in 1975, 22,690 cases were declared, of which 70% were cadaveric kidneys, 40,000 cases in 1977 and 60,000 cases in 1984, 10,000 cases of speed growth. Internationally, organ transplantation has been listed as an effective method for the treatment of some serious organ diseases, such as heart, liver, kidney, pancreas, bone marrow, blood vessels and corneal transplantation. At present, many countries have set up organ transplant centers, which are possible