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目的探讨农村育龄妇女生殖道感染的危险因素及其对生殖保健知识的需求方向,为“十一五”农村计划生育适宜技术的推广提供依据。方法2008年对庄河市18个乡50个村2436名18～45岁农村育龄妇女进行问卷调查。结果农村育龄妇女对生殖道感染症状的掌握,依次为外阴痒(81.8%),性交痛(79.3%),下腹疼痛(30.6%),有异味(29.3%),白带多(16.6%),大多数农村育龄妇女知道外阴痒、性交痛是生殖道感染,而对下腹疼痛、有异味、白带多却认为是大多数产后妇女的正常状况。对农村育龄妇女卫生习惯的调查,每天清洗外阴的仅占26.6%,同房前双方清洗外阴占59.6%,不洗或不确定占40.4%;洗澡以淋浴为主,占63.0%;74.9%妇女内裤与其他衣物混洗;一个家庭共用一个浴巾和浴盆的现象普遍,占81.3%;20.4%妇女有经期同房的经历,一般发生在月经末期。获得生殖保健知识的途径,调查前主要来源于媒体,调查后更希望从计生和卫生专业技术人员处获得。76.9%农村育龄妇女希望进行生殖道感染的普查,55.8%农村育龄妇女愿意接受治疗,81.2%的妇女认为在乡村级治疗更方便,合理的治疗费用应低于30元。结论农村育龄妇女生殖保健知识匮乏,急需普及,需要方便、价廉的生殖道感染治疗。
Objective To explore the risk factors of reproductive tract infection in rural women of childbearing age and their needs for knowledge of reproductive health and to provide evidence for the promotion of suitable techniques for rural family planning in the 11th Five-year Plan. Methods In 2008, 2436 rural women of childbearing age from 18 to 45 were surveyed in 50 villages of 18 townships in Zhuanghe City. Results The reproductive tract infection in rural women of childbearing age was followed by genital itching (81.8%), intercourse pain (79.3%), abdominal pain (30.6%), odor (29.3%), leucorrhea (16.6% Most rural women of childbearing age know genital itching, painful sexual intercourse is genital tract infection, and the lower abdomen pain, smell, vaginal discharge, but is considered the majority of postpartum women’s normal condition. The survey of rural women of childbearing age habits, only 26.6% of the genital cleansing every day, with the front of the house to clean the vulva accounted for 59.6%, do not wash or not sure 40.4%; bath to shower, accounted for 63.0%; 74.9% women’s underwear Mixed with other clothes; a family shared a bath towel and a bathtub were common, accounting for 81.3%; 20.4% of women had the same period of menstruation experience, usually occurred in the end of menstruation. Access to reproductive health knowledge, mainly from the media prior to the survey, the investigation even more hope to obtain from family planning and health professional and technical personnel. 76.9% Rural women of childbearing age want a general survey of reproductive tract infections, 55.8% of women of childbearing age in rural areas are willing to receive treatment, 81.2% of women think that it is more convenient and reasonable treatment cost to be less than 30 yuan at rural level. Conclusion There is a lack of knowledge on reproductive health in rural women of childbearing age, which is in urgent need of popularization. It needs a convenient and inexpensive treatment for reproductive tract infections.