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目的为铁皮石斛提供科学准确的性状和显微鉴别特征。方法采用性状及显微鉴别方法对其茎进行性状特征研究,对其根、茎、叶进行组织构造和粉末特征研究。结果铁皮枫斗呈螺旋形或弹簧状,通常为4~5个旋纹;断面平坦,灰白色至灰绿色,质坚实,易折断;气微,味淡,嚼之有黏性。铁皮石斛根、茎、叶的横切片显微特征如下:根被细胞壁具网状增厚,呈网纹状,木质化的外皮层细胞与通道细胞间隔排列,中皮层细胞中有草酸钙针晶束。茎表皮边缘有10~11个浅波,内侧的黏液细胞中含草酸钙针晶束,基本组织中有网状增厚的细胞和排成4~5圈的有限外韧型维管束。叶下表皮有多数气孔存在,叶肉组织内含少数草酸钙针晶束,叶脉维管束为有限外韧型。铁皮石斛根、茎、叶的粉末显微特征如下:网纹状的根被细胞成片;草酸钙针晶成束或散在。茎纤维束周围的细胞中含有类圆形硅质块,纵行排列;草酸钙针晶成束或散在,导管主要为梯纹、网纹导管;木薄壁细胞常附着于纤维束旁,垂周壁呈连珠状。叶气孔为药用单子叶植物特有的四细胞型气孔。结论所确定的铁皮石斛的药材性状及显微特征均具有重要的鉴别意义,可作为铁皮石斛的真伪鉴别依据。
Purpose Dendrobium officinale provides scientific and accurate traits and microscopic identification features. Methods Traits and microscopic identification of its stem traits traits, the root, stem, leaf tissue and powder characteristics of the study. Results Maple bucket iron was spiral or spring-like, usually 4 to 5 moire; flat cross-section, gray to gray-green, solid quality, easy to break; gas micro, light taste, chewing a sticky. The microscopic characteristics of the transverse section of roots, stems and leaves of Dendrobium officinale were as follows: The root was thickly reticulated by the cell wall and was reticulate. The lignified cells of the outer layer were arranged at intervals from the channel cells. The mesodermal cells contained calcium oxalate needle crystal bundle. Stem epidermis edge of 10 to 11 shallow waves, the inside of the mucus cells containing calcium oxalate crystal beam, the basic organization of reticular thickened cells and arranged in 4 to 5 laps of limited external tough vascular bundles. There are many stomata in the epidermis of the leaf, and the mesophyll contains a few calcium oxalate stanchion bundles. The vascular bundle of the veins is of limited external toughness. Dendrobium officinale root, stem and leaf powder microscopic features are as follows: reticular roots into cells; the calcium oxalate needle into bundles or scattered. Cells around the stem fiber bundles contain round siliceous blocks arranged longitudinally; calcium oxalate needles are bundled or scattered, and the conduits are mainly trapezoidal and reticulated; and the parenchyma cells are often attached to the side of the fiber bundles The wall was even beads. Leaf stoma is a peculiar four-cell type stomata of medicinal monocotyledons. Conclusion The identified medicinal properties and microscopic features of Dendrobium candidum have important distinguishing significance and can be used as authenticity identification basis of Dendrobium candidum.